|
|
Circa I Criteri Di Discernimento Vocazionale
Riguardo Alle Persone Con Tendenze Omosessuali In Vista Della Loro Ammissione Al
Seminario E Agli Ordini Sacri Roma, November 29, 2005
[MS-WordDoc]
http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/ccatheduc/documents/rc_con_ccatheduc_doc_20051104_istruzione_en.html
|
|
|
|
Introduction |
|
|
|
|
|
IN continuity with the teaching of the Second Vatican Council and, in particular, with the Decree “Optatam totius”(1) on priestly formation, the Congregation for Catholic Education has published various documents with the aim of promoting a suitable, integral formation of future priests, by offering guidelines and precise norms regarding its diverse aspects.(2) In the meantime, the 1990 Synod of Bishops also reflected on the formation of priests in the circumstances of the present day, with the intention of bringing to completion the doctrine of the Council on this theme and making it more explicit and effective in today's world. Following this Synod, Pope John Paul II published the Post-Synodal Apostolic Exhortation “Pastores dabo vobis.”(3) |
In continuità con l’insegnamento del Concilio Vaticano II e, in particolare, col decreto Optatam totius (1) sulla formazione sacerdotale, la Congregazione per l’Educazione Cattolica ha pubblicato diversi documenti per promuovere un’adeguata formazione integrale dei futuri sacerdoti, offrendo orientamenti e norme precise circa suoi diversi aspetti. (2) Nel frattempo anche il Sinodo dei Vescovi del 1999 ha riflettuto sulla formazione dei sacerdoti nelle circostanze attuali, con l’intento di portare a compimento la dottrina conciliare su questo argomento e di renderla più esplicita ed incisiva nel mondo contemporaneo. In seguito a questo Sinodo, Giovanni Paolo II pubblicò l’Esortazione apostolica post-sinodale Pastores dabo vobis. (3) |
In light of this abundant teaching, the present Instruction does not intend to dwell on all questions in the area of affectivity and sexuality that require an attentive discernment during the entire period of formation. Rather, it contains norms concerning a specific question, made more urgent by the current situation, and that is: whether to admit to the seminary and to holy orders candidates who have deep-seated homosexual tendencies. |
Alla luce di questo ricco insegnamento, la presente Istruzione non intende soffermarsi su tutte le questioni di ordine affettivo o sessuale che richiedono un attento discernimento durante l’intero periodo della formazione. Essa contiene norme circa una questione particolare, resa più urgente dalla situazione attuale, e cioè quella dell’ammissione o meno al Seminario e agli Ordini sacri dei candidati che hanno tendenze omosessuali profondamente radicate. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. Affective maturity and spiritual fatherhood |
l. Maturità affettiva e paternità spirituale |
|
|
|
|
According to the constant Tradition of the Church, only a baptized person of the male sex validly receives sacred ordination.(4) By means of the sacrament of orders, the Holy Spirit configures the candidate to Jesus Christ in a new and specific way: the priest, in fact, sacramentally represents Christ, the head, shepherd and spouse of the Church.(5) Because of this configuration to Christ, the entire life of the sacred minister must be animated by the gift of his whole person to the Church and by an authentic pastoral charity.(6) |
Secondo la costante Tradizione della Chiesa, riceve validamente la sacra Ordinazione esclusivamente il battezzato di sesso maschile. (4) Per mezzo del sacramento dell’Ordine, lo Spirito Santo configura il candidato, ad un titolo nuovo e specifico, a Gesù Cristo: il sacerdote, infatti, rappresenta sacramentalmente Cristo, Capo, Pastore e Sposo della Chiesa. (5) A causa di questa configurazione a Cristo, tutta la vita del ministro sacro deve essere animata dal dono di tutta la sua persona alla Chiesa e da un’autentica carità pastorale. (6) |
The candidate to the ordained ministry, therefore, must reach affective maturity. Such maturity will allow him to relate correctly to both men and women, developing in him a true sense of spiritual fatherhood towards the Church community that will be entrusted to him.(7) |
Il candidato al ministero ordinato, pertanto, deve raggiungere la maturità affettiva. Tale maturità lo renderà capace di porsi in una corretta relazione con uomini e donne, sviluppando in lui un vero senso della paternità spirituale nel confronti della comunità ecclesiale che gli sarà affidata. (7) |
|
|
|
|
II. Homosexuality and the Ordained Ministry |
2. L’omosessualità e il ministero ordinato |
|
|
|
|
See: Pope Francis on Homosexuals in Priesthood and Consecrated Life |
|
From the time of the Second Vatican Council until today, various documents of the Magisterium, and especially the Catechism of the Catholic Church, have confirmed the teaching of the Church on homosexuality. The Catechism distinguishes between homosexual acts and homosexual tendencies. |
Dal Concilio Vaticano Il ad oggi, diversi documenti del Magistero - e specialmente il Catechismo della Chiesa Cattolica - hanno confermato l’insegnamento della Chiesa sull’omosessualità. Il Catechismo distingue fra gli atti omosessuali e le tendenze omosessuali. |
[1] Regarding acts, it teaches that Sacred Scripture presents them as grave sins. The Tradition has constantly considered them as intrinsically immoral and contrary to the natural law. Consequently, under no circumstance can they be approved. |
Riguardo agli atti, insegna che, nella Sacra Scrittura, essi vengono presentati come peccati gravi. La Tradizione li ha costantemente considerati come intrinsecamente immorali e contrari alla legge naturale. Essi, di conseguenza, non possono essere approvati in nessun caso. |
[2] Deep-seated homosexual tendencies, which are found in a number of men and women, are also objectively disordered and, for those same people, often constitute a trial. Such persons must be accepted with respect and sensitivity. Every sign of unjust discrimination in their regard should be avoided. They are called to fulfill God’s will in their lives and to unite to the sacrifice of the Lord’s Cross the difficulties they may encounter.(8) |
Per quanto concerne le tendenze omosessuali profondamente radicate, che si riscontrano in un certo numero di uomini e donne, sono anch’esse oggettivamente disordinate e sovente costituiscono, anche per loro, una prova. Tali persone devono essere accolte con rispetto e delicatezza; a loro riguardo si eviterà ogni marchio di ingiusta discriminazione. Esse sono chiamate a realizzare la volontà di Dio nella loro vita e a unire al sacrificio della croce del Signore le difficoltà che possono incontrare. (8) |
In the light of such teaching, this dicastery, in accord with the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments, believes it necessary to state clearly that the Church, while profoundly respecting the persons in question, cannot admit to the seminary or to holy orders[:] [1] those who practice homosexuality, [2] present deep-seated homosexual tendencies, or [3] support the so-called “gay culture.”(10) |
Alla luce di tale insegnamento, questo Dicastero, d’intesa con la Congregazione per il Culto Divino e la Disciplina dei Sacramenti, ritiene necessario affermare chiaramente che la Chiesa, pur rispettando profondamente le persone in questione, (9) non può ammettere al Seminario e agli Ordini sacri coloro che praticano l’omosessualità, presentano tendenze omosessuali profondamente radicate o sostengono la cosiddetta cultura gay. (10) |
Such persons, in fact, find themselves in a situation that gravely hinders them from relating correctly to men and women. One must in no way overlook the negative consequences that can derive from the ordination of persons with deep-seated homosexual tendencies. |
Le suddette persone si trovano, infatti, in una situazione che ostacola gravemente un corretto relazionarsi con uomini e donne. Non sono affatto da trascurare le conseguenze negative che possono derivare dall’Ordinazione di persone con tendenze omosessuali profondamente radicate. |
Different, however, would be the case in which one were dealing with homosexual tendencies that were only the expression of a transitory problem - for example, that of an adolescence not yet superseded. Nevertheless, such tendencies must be clearly overcome at least three years before ordination to the diaconate. |
Qualora, invece, si trattasse di tendenze omosessuali che fossero solo l’espressione di un problema transitorio, come, ad esempio, quello di un’adolescenza non ancora compiuta, esse devono comunque essere chiaramente superate almeno tre anni prima dell’Ordinazione diaconale. |
|
|
|
|
III. Discernment by the Church Concerning the Suitability of Candidates |
3. Il discernimento dell’idoneità dei candidati da parte della Chiesa |
|
|
|
|
There are two inseparable elements in every priestly vocation: the free gift of God and the responsible freedom of the man. A vocation is a gift of divine grace, received through the Church, in the Church and for the service of the Church. In responding to the call of God, the man offers himself freely to him in love.(11) The desire alone to become a priest is not sufficient, and there does not exist a right to receive sacred ordination. It belongs to the Church -- in her responsibility to define the necessary requirements for receiving the sacraments instituted by Christ -- to discern the suitability of him who desires to enter the seminary,(12) to accompany him during his years of formation, and to call him to holy orders if he is judged to possess the necessary qualities.(13) |
Due sono gli aspetti indissociabili in ogni vocazione sacerdotale: il dono gratuito di Dio e la libertà responsabile dell’uomo. La vocazione è un dono della grazia divina, ricevuto tramite la Chiesa, nella Chiesa e per il servizio della Chiesa. Rispondendo alla chiamata di Dio, l’uomo si offre liberamente a Lui nell’amore. (11) Il solo desiderio di diventare sacerdote non è sufficiente e non esiste un diritto a ricevere la sacra Ordinazione. Compete alla Chiesa - nella sua responsabilità di definire i requisiti necessari per la ricezione dei Sacramenti istituiti da Cristo - discernere l’idoneità di colui che desidera entrare nel Seminario, (12) accompagnarlo durante gli anni della formazione e chiamarlo agli Ordini sacri, se sia giudicato in possesso delle qualità richieste. (13) |
The formation of the future priest must distinctly articulate, in an essentially complementary manner, the four dimensions of formation: human, spiritual, intellectual and pastoral.(14) In this context, it is necessary to highlight the particular importance of human formation, as the necessary foundation of all formation.(15) In order to admit a candidate to ordination to the diaconate, the Church must verify, among other things, that the candidate has reached affective maturity.(16) |
La formazione del futuro sacerdote deve articolare, in una complementarità essenziale, le quattro dimensioni della formazione: umana, spirituale, intellettuale e pastorale. (14) In questo contesto, bisogna rilevare la particolare importanza della formazione umana, fondamento necessario di tutta la formazione. (15) Per ammettere un candidato all’Ordinazione diaconale, la Chiesa deve verificare, tra l’altro, che sia stata raggiunta la maturità affettiva del candidato al sacerdozio. (16) |
The call to orders is the personal responsibility of the bishop(17) or the major superior. Bearing in mind the opinion of those to whom he has entrusted the responsibility of formation, the bishop or major superior, before admitting the candidate to ordination, must arrive at a morally certain judgment on his qualities. In the case of a serious doubt in this regard, he must not admit him to ordination.(18) |
La chiamata agli Ordini è responsabilità personale del Vescovo (17) o del Superiore Maggiore. Tenendo presente il parere di coloro al quali hanno affidato la responsabilità della formazione, il Vescovo o il Superiore Maggiore, prima di ammettere all’Ordinazione il candidato, devono pervenire ad un giudizio moralmente certo sulle sue qualità. Nel caso di un dubbio serio al riguardo, non devono ammetterlo all’Ordinazione. (18) |
The discernment of a vocation and of the maturity of the candidate is also a serious duty of the rector and of the other persons entrusted with the work of formation in the seminary. Before every ordination, the rector must express his own judgment on whether the qualities required by the Church are present in the candidate.(19) |
Il discernimento della vocazione e della maturità del candidato è anche un grave compito del rettore e degli altri formatori del Seminario. Prima di ogni Ordinazione, il rettore deve esprimere un suo giudizio sulle qualità del candidato richieste dalla Chiesa. (19) |
In the discernment concerning the suitability for ordination, the spiritual director has an important task. Although he is bound to secrecy, he represents the Church in the internal forum. In his discussions with the candidate, the spiritual director must especially point out the demands of the Church concerning priestly chastity and the affective maturity that is characteristic of the priest, as well as help him to discern whether he has the necessary qualities.(20) The spiritual director has the obligation to evaluate all the qualities of the candidate’s personality and to make sure that he does not present disturbances of a sexual nature, which are incompatible with the priesthood. If a candidate practices homosexuality or presents deep-seated homosexual tendencies, his spiritual director, as well as his confessor, have the duty to dissuade him in conscience from proceeding toward ordination. |
Nel discernimento dell’idoneità all’Ordinazione, spetta al direttore spirituale un compito importante. Pur essendo vincolato dal segreto, egli rappresenta la Chiesa nel foro interno. Nei colloqui con il candidato, il direttore spirituale deve segnatamente ricordare le esigenze della Chiesa circa la castità sacerdotale e la maturità affettiva specifica del sacerdote, nonché aiutarlo a discernere se abbia le qualità necessarie. (20) Egli ha l’obbligo di valutare tutte le qualità della personalità ed accertarsi che il candidato non presenti disturbi sessuali incompatibili col sacerdozio. Se un candidato pratica l’omosessualità o presenta tendenze omosessuali profondamente radicate, il suo direttore spirituale, così come il suo confessore, hanno il dovere di dissuaderlo, in coscienza, dal procedere verso l’Ordinazione. |
It goes without saying that the candidate himself has the primary responsibility for his own formation.(21) He must offer himself trustingly to the discernment of the Church, of the bishop who calls him to orders, of the rector of the seminary, of his spiritual director and of the other seminary educators to whom the bishop or major superior has entrusted the task of forming future priests. It would be gravely dishonest for a candidate to hide his own homosexuality in order to proceed, despite everything, toward ordination. Such a deceitful attitude does not correspond to the spirit of truth, loyalty and openness that must characterize the personality of him who believes he is called to serve Christ and his Church in the ministerial priesthood. |
Rimane inteso che il candidato stesso è il primo responsabile della propria formazione. (21) Egli deve offrirsi con fiducia al discernimento della Chiesa, del Vescovo che chiama agli Ordini, del rettore del Seminario, del direttore spirituale e degli altri educatori del Seminario ai quali il Vescovo o il Superiore Maggiore hanno affidato il compito di formare i futuri sacerdoti. Sarebbe gravemente disonesto che un candidato occultasse la propria omosessualità per accedere, nonostante tutto, all’Ordinazione. Un atteggiamento così inautentico non corrisponde allo spirito di verità, di lealtà e di disponibilità che deve caratterizzare la personalità di colui che ritiene di essere chiamato a servire Cristo e la sua Chiesa nel ministero sacerdotale. |
|
|
|
|
Conclusion |
CONCLUSIONE |
|
|
|
|
This Congregation reaffirms the need for bishops, major superiors and all relevant authorities to carry out an attentive discernment concerning the suitability of candidates for holy orders, from the time of admission to the seminary until ordination. This discernment must be done in light of a conception of the ministerial priesthood that is in accordance with the teaching of the Church. |
Questa Congregazione ribadisce la necessità che i Vescovi, i Superiori Maggiori e tutti i responsabili interessati compiano un attento discernimento circa l’idoneità dei candidati agli Ordini sacri, dall’ammissione nel Seminario fino all’Ordinazione. Questo discernimento deve essere fatto alla luce di una concezione del sacerdozio ministeriale in concordanza con l’insegnamento della Chiesa |
Let bishops, episcopal conferences and major superiors look to see that the constant norms of this Instruction be faithfully observed for the good of the candidates themselves, and to guarantee that the Church always has suitable priests who are true shepherds according to the heart of Christ. |
. I Vescovi, le Conferenze Episcopali e i Superiori Maggiori vigilino perché le norme di questa Istruzione siano osservate fedelmente per il bene dei candidati stessi e per garantire sempre alla Chiesa dei sacerdoti idonei, veri pastori secondo il cuore di Cristo. |
The Supreme Pontiff Benedict XVI, on 31 August 2005, approved this present Instruction and ordered its publication. |
Il Sommo Pontefice Benedetto XVI, in data 31 agosto 2005, ha approvato la presente Istruzione e ne ha ordinato la pubblicazione. |
Rome, 4 November 2005, Memoria of Saint Charles Borromeo, Patron of Seminaries. |
Roma, il 4 novembre 2005, Memoria di S. Carlo Borromeo, Patrono del Seminari. |
ZENON
Card. GROCHOLEWSKI |
ZENON Card. GROCHOLENNWSKI Prefetto |
+ J.
MICHAEL MILLER, C.S.B. |
J. MICHAEL MILLER, C.S.B. Arciv. tit. di Vertara Segretario |
1 SECOND VATICAN ECUMENICAL COUNCIL, Decree on priestly formation Optatam totius (28 October 1965): AAS 58 (1966), 713-727.
2 Cf. CONGREGATION FOR CATHOLIC EDUCATION, “Ratio fundamentalis institutionis sacerdotalis” (6 January 1970; second edition 19 March 1985); The Study of Philosophy in Seminaries (20 January 1972); A Guide to Formation in Priestly Celibacy (11 April 1974); On the Teaching of Canon Law to Those Preparing to be Priests (2 April 1975); The Theological Formation of Future Priests (22 February 1976); “Epistula circularis de formatione vocationum adultarum” (14 July 1976); Instruction on Liturgical Formation in Seminaries (3 June 1979); Circular Letter Concerning Some of the More Urgent Aspects of Spiritual Formation in Seminaries (6 January 1980); Educational Guidance in Human Love: Outlines for Sex Education (1 November 1983); Pastoral Care of People on the Move in the Formation of Future Priests (25 January 1986); Guide to the Training of Future Priests Concerning the Instruments of Social Communication (19 March 1986); Circular Letter Concerning Studies of the Oriental Churches (6 January 1987); The Virgin Mary in Intellectual and Spiritual Formation (25 March 1988); Guidelines for the Study and Teaching of the Church’s Social Doctrine in the Formation of Priests (30 December 1988); Instruction on the Study of the Fathers of the Church in the Formation of Priests (10 November 1989); Directives Concerning the Preparation of Seminary Educators (4 November 1993); Directives on the Formation of Seminarians Concerning Problems Related to Marriage and the Family (19 March 1995); Instruction to the Episcopal Conferences on the Admission to Seminary of Candidates Coming from Other Seminaries or Religious Families (9 October 1986 and 8 March 1996); The Propaedeutic Period (1 May 1998); Circular Letters Concerning the Canonical Norms relating to Irregularities and Impediments both “ad Ordines recipiendos” and “ad Ordines exercendos” (27 July 1992 and 2 February 1999).
3 POPE JOHN PAUL II, Post-Synodal Apostolic Exhortation “Pastores dabo vobis” (25 March 1992): AAS 84 (1992), 657-864.
4 Cf. e.Le., can. 1024 and e.e.E.O., can. 754; POPE JOHN PAUL II, Apostolic Letter “Ordinatio sacerdotalis” on reserving priestly ordination to men alone (22 May 1994): AAS 86 (1994), 545-548.
5 Cf. SECOND VATICAN ECUMENICAL COUNCIL, Decree on the ministry and life of priests “Presbyterorum ordinis” (1 December 1965), n. 2: AAS 58 (1966), 991-993; Pastores dabo vobis, n. 16: AAS 84 (1992), 681-682. With regard to the priest’s configuration to Christ, bridegroom of the Church, “Pastores dabo vobis” states that “The priest is called to be the living image of Jesus Christ, the spouse of the Church. [...] In his spiritual life, therefore, he is called to live out Christ’s spousal love toward the Church, his bride. Therefore, the priest’s life ought to radiate this spousal character, which demands that he be a witness to Christ’s spousal love” (n. 22): AAS 84 (1992), 691.
6 Cf. “Presbyterorum ordinis,” n. 14: AAS 58 (1966), 1013-1014; “Pastores dabo vobis,” n. 23: AAS 84 (1992), 691-694.
7 Cf. CONGREGATION FOR THE CLERGY, Directory on the Ministry and Life of Priests (31 March 1994), n. 58.
8 Cf. CATECHISM OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH (“editio typica,”1997), nn. 2357-2358. Cf. also the various documents of the CONGREGATION FOR THE DOCTRINE OF THE FAITH: Declaration “Persona humana” on certain questions concerning sexual ethics (29 December 1975); Letter “Homosexualitatis problema” to the bishops of the Catholic Church on the pastoral care of homosexual persons (1 October 1986); Some Considerations Concerning the Response to Legislative Proposals on Non-discrimination of Homosexual Persons (23 July 1992); Considerations Regarding Proposals to Give Legal Recognition to Unions Between Homosexual Persons (3 June 2003). With regard to homosexual inclinations, the Letter “Homosexualitatis problema” states that “Although the particular inclination of the homosexual person is not a sin, it is a more or less strong tendency ordered toward an intrinsic moral evil; and thus the inclination itself must be seen as an objective disorder” (n. 3).
9 Cf. CATECHISM OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH (“editio typica,” 1997), n. 2358; cf. also c.I.c., can. 208 and C.C.E.O., can. 11.
10 Cf. CONGREGATION FOR CATHOLIC EDUCATION, A memorandum to bishops seeking advice in matters concerning homosexuality and candidates for admission to Seminary (9 July 1985); CONGREGATION FOR DIVINE WORSHIP AND THE DISCIPLINE OF THE SACRAMENTS, Letter (16 May 2002): Notitiae 38 (2002), 586.
11 Cf. “Pastores dabo vobis,” nn. 35-36: AAS 84 (1992), 714-718.
12 Cf. e.Le., can. 241, § 1: “A diocesan bishop is to admit to a major seminary only those who are judged qualified to dedicate themselves permanently to the sacred ministries; he is to consider their human, moral, spiritual, and intellectual qualities, their physical and psychic health, and their correct intention”; cf. e.e.E.O., can. 342, § 1.
13 Cf. “Optatam totius,” n. 6: AAS 58 (1966), 717. Cf. also e.Le., can. 1029: “Only those are to be promoted to orders who, in the prudent judgment of their own bishop or of the competent major superior, all things considered, have integral faith, are moved by the right intention, have the requisite knowledge, possess a good reputation, and are endowed with integral morals and proven virtues and the other physical and psychic qualities in keeping with the order to be received”; cf. e.e.E.O., can. 758. Not to call to orders those who do not have the necessary qualities is not an unjust discrimination: cf. CONGREGATION FOR THE DOCTRINE OF THE FAITH, Some Considerations Concerning the Response to Legislative Proposals on Nondiscrimination of Homosexual Persons.
14 Cf. “Pastores dabo vobis,” nn. 43-59: AAS 84 (1992), 731-762.
15 Cf. ibid., n. 43: “The priest, who is called to be a ‘living image’ of Jesus Christ, head and shepherd of the Church, should seek to reflect in himself, as far as possible, the human perfection which shines forth in the incarnate Son of God and which is reflected with particular liveliness in his attitudes toward others”: AAS 84 (1992), 732.
16 Cf. ibid., nn. 44 and 50: AAS 84 (1992), 733-736 and 746-748. Cf. also: CONGREGATION FOR DIVINE WORSHIP AND THE DISCIPLINE OF THE SACRAMENTS, Circular Letter to the Most Reverend Diocesan Bishops and Other Ordinaries with Canonical Faculties to Admit to Sacred Orders Concerning: Scrutinies regarding the Suitability of Candidates for Orders (10 November 1997): Notitiae 33 (1997), 507-518, particularly Enclosure V.
17 Cf. CONGREGATION FOR BISHOPS, Directory for the Pastoral Ministry of Bishops “Apostolorum Successores” (22 February 2004), n. 88.
18 Cf. e.Le., can. 1052, § 3: “If [...] the bishop doubts for specific reasons whether a candidate is suitable to receive orders, he is not to promote him.” Cf. also e.e.E.O., can. 770.
19 Cf. e.Le., can. 1051: “The following prescripts regarding the investigation about the qualities required in the one to be ordained are to be observed: [...] there is to be a testimonial of the rector of the seminary or house of formation about the qualities required to receive the order, that is, about the sound doctrine of the candidate, his genuine piety, good morals, and aptitude to exercise the ministry, as well as, after a properly executed inquiry, about his state of physical and psychic health.”
20 Cf. “Pastores dabo vobis,” nn. 50 and 66: AAS 84 (1992), 746-748 and 772-774. Cf. also “Ratio fundamentalis institutionis sacerdotalis,” n. 48.
21 Cf. “Pastores dabo vobis,” n. 69: AAS 84 (1992), 778.