Pentecost |
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A RETREAT
on THEMES
CONCERNING
THE
SOLEMNITY of
PENTECOST
SAINT
ANDREW’
MAY
29-31,
2020
Fr. Luke's email:
ldysinger@stjohnsem.edu
If you experience technical difficulties during the workshop, please call Fr. Patrick at 661-472-2928
RETREAT
THEMES
THE RULE of SAINT BENEDICT
THE SOLEMNITY of PENTECOST
THE LITURGY of PENTECOST
RETREAT
PRESENTERS
FRIDAY 7:30 p.m. - Fr. Patrick
SATURDAY 9:30 a.m. - Fr. Francis
SATURDAY 2:30 p.m. - Fr. Angelus
SUNDAY 9:30 a.m. - Fr. Luke
SUNDAY 2:30p.m. - Abbot Damien
SEVERAL participants have asked about spiritual practices that may be undertaken between our conferences. For those who wish, these might include using the psalms in prayer in the Divine Office (Liturgy of the Hours) and/or praying the Sacred Scriptures in the monastic tradition of lectio divina.IF you would like to hear and see the form of the Divine Office we celebrate at Valyermo, Abbot Damien has made six of our offices available at the Recorded Prayers tab on the Abbey website, (https://www.saintandrewsabbey.com).
WITH
regard to the practice of lectio divina, please explore the articles
downloadable from the section on
lectio divina accessible from the
Bibliography link on the navigation panel to the left. Feel free,
also, to explore the Lectio Divina link on the navigation panel.
Biblical texts and patristic writings used at Mass and the Divine Office
(which are excellent matter for lectio divina) may be found at the
Universalis Website
(https://www.universalis.com/USA/0/mass.htm).
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Moses Receives The Law; Byzantine Icon |
THE
JEWISH
FEAST
of PENTECOST
Pentecost (Πεντηκοστή):
The Fiftieth Day after Passover:
שָׁבוּעוֹת SHAVUOT: The Feast of Weeks
THE
GIVING
of the LAW
to MOSES
on SINAI
The sixth day of the Hebrew month of Sivan (the
Third Month)
Also a Harvest Festival - End of Harvesting Barley (at Passover) Beginning of
Wheat.
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Pentecost, Duccio, 1309 |
THE
Biblical Image of TONGUES
of FIRE
would have been familiar to the Apostles and authors of the New Testament,
and it would have been linked to the notion of the prophet whose calling is
manifested by a vision of the Throne of God: this is attested in the
mysterious and popular
Book of Enoch.
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THE ACTS of the APOSTLES : |
CHAPTER 2 |
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1.14 [...]All these with one accord devoted themselves to prayer, together with the women and Mary the mother of Jesus, and with his brothers. [...] |
14 οὗτοι πάντες ἦσαν προσκαρτεροῦντες ὁμοθυμαδὸν τῇ προσευχῇ σὺν γυναιξὶν καὶ Μαριὰμ τῇ μητρὶ τοῦ Ἰησοῦ καὶ τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς αὐτοῦ. |
WHEN the day of Pentecost had come, they were all together in one place. |
2:1 Καὶ ἐν τῷ συμπληροῦσθαι τὴν ἡμέραν τῆς πεντηκοστῆς ἦσαν πάντες ὁμοῦ ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτό. |
2 And suddenly a sound came from heaven like the rush of a mighty wind, and it filled all the house where they were sitting. |
2 καὶ ἐγένετο ἄφνω ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ ἦχος ὥσπερ φερομένης πνοῆς βιαίας καὶ ἐπλήρωσεν ὅλον τὸν οἶκον οὗ ἦσαν καθήμενοι |
cf. theophany to Elijah: 1Ki 19:11 (πνεῦμα μέγα) |
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3 And there appeared to them tongues as of fire, distributed and resting on each one of them. |
3 καὶ ὤφθησαν αὐτοῖς διαμεριζόμεναι γλῶσσαι ὡσεὶ πυρὸς καὶ ἐκάθισεν ἐφ᾽ ἕνα ἕκαστον αὐτῶν, |
cf Enoch 14:10, tongues of fire (γλώσσαις πυρός) |
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4 And they were all filled with the Holy Spirit and began to speak in other tongues, as the Spirit gave them utterance. |
4 καὶ ἐπλήσθησαν πάντες πνεύματος ἁγίου καὶ ἤρξαντο λαλεῖν ἑτέραις γλώσσαις καθὼς τὸ πνεῦμα ἐδίδου ἀποφθέγγεσθαι αὐτοῖς. |
5 Now there were dwelling in Jerusalem Jews, devout men from every nation under heaven. |
5 Ἦσαν δὲ εἰς Ἰερουσαλὴμ κατοικοῦντες Ἰουδαῖοι, ἄνδρες εὐλαβεῖς ἀπὸ παντὸς ἔθνους τῶν ὑπὸ τὸν οὐρανόν. |
6 And at this sound the multitude came together, and they were bewildered, because each one heard them speaking in his own language. |
6 γενομένης δὲ τῆς φωνῆς ταύτης συνῆλθεν τὸ πλῆθος καὶ συνεχύθη, ὅτι ἤκουον εἷς ἕκαστος τῇ ἰδίᾳ διαλέκτῳ λαλούντων αὐτῶν. |
7 And they were amazed and wondered, saying, “Are not all these who are speaking Galileans? |
7 ἐξίσταντο δὲ καὶ ἐθαύμαζον λέγοντες· οὐχ ἰδοὺ ἅπαντες οὗτοί εἰσιν οἱ λαλοῦντες Γαλιλαῖοι; |
8 And how is it that we hear, each of us in his own native language? |
8 καὶ πῶς ἡμεῖς ἀκούομεν ἕκαστος τῇ ἰδίᾳ διαλέκτῳ ἡμῶν ἐν ᾗ ἐγεννήθημεν; |
9 Parthians and Medes and Elamites and residents of Mesopotamia, Judea and Cappadocia, Pontus and Asia, |
9 Πάρθοι καὶ Μῆδοι καὶ Ἐλαμῖται καὶ οἱ κατοικοῦντες τὴν Μεσοποταμίαν, Ἰουδαίαν τε καὶ Καππαδοκίαν, Πόντον καὶ τὴν Ἀσίαν, |
10 Phrygia and Pamphylia, Egypt and the parts of Libya belonging to Cyrene, and visitors from Rome, both Jews and proselytes, |
10 Φρυγίαν τε καὶ Παμφυλίαν, Αἴγυπτον καὶ τὰ μέρη τῆς Λιβύης τῆς κατὰ Κυρήνην, καὶ οἱ ἐπιδημοῦντες Ῥωμαῖοι, |
11 Cretans and Arabians, we hear them telling in our own tongues the mighty works of God.” |
11 Ἰουδαῖοί τε καὶ προσήλυτοι, Κρῆτες καὶ Ἄραβες, ἀκούομεν λαλούντων αὐτῶν ταῖς ἡμετέραις γλώσσαις τὰ μεγαλεῖα τοῦ θεοῦ. |
12 And all were amazed and perplexed, saying to one another, “What does this mean?” |
12 ἐξίσταντο δὲ πάντες καὶ διηπόρουν, ἄλλος πρὸς ἄλλον λέγοντες· τί θέλει τοῦτο εἶναι; |
13 But others mocking said, “They are filled with new wine.” |
13 ἕτεροι δὲ διαχλευάζοντες ἔλεγον ὅτι γλεύκους μεμεστωμένοι εἰσίν. |
14 But Peter, standing with the eleven, lifted up his voice and addressed them, “Men of Judea and all who dwell in Jerusalem, let this be known to you, and give ear to my words. |
14 Σταθεὶς δὲ ὁ Πέτρος σὺν τοῖς ἕνδεκα ἐπῆρεν τὴν φωνὴν αὐτοῦ καὶ ἀπεφθέγξατο αὐτοῖς· ἄνδρες Ἰουδαῖοι καὶ οἱ κατοικοῦντες Ἰερουσαλὴμ πάντες, τοῦτο ὑμῖν γνωστὸν ἔστω καὶ ἐνωτίσασθε τὰ ῥήματά μου. |
15 For these men are not drunk, as you suppose, since it is only the third hour of the day; |
15 οὐ γὰρ ὡς ὑμεῖς ὑπολαμβάνετε οὗτοι μεθύουσιν, ἔστιν γὰρ ὥρα τρίτη τῆς ἡμέρας, |
16 but this is what was spoken by the prophet Joel: |
16 ἀλλὰ τοῦτό ἐστιν τὸ εἰρημένον διὰ τοῦ προφήτου Ἰωήλ· |
17 ‘And in the last days it shall be, God declares, that I will pour out my Spirit upon all flesh, and your sons and your daughters shall prophesy, and your young men shall see visions, and your old men shall dream dreams; |
17 καὶ ἔσται ἐν ταῖς ἐσχάταις ἡμέραις, λέγει ὁ θεός, ἐκχεῶ ἀπὸ τοῦ πνεύματός μου ἐπὶ πᾶσαν σάρκα, καὶ προφητεύσουσιν οἱ υἱοὶ ὑμῶν καὶ αἱ θυγατέρες ὑμῶν καὶ οἱ νεανίσκοι ὑμῶν ὁράσεις ὄψονται καὶ οἱ πρεσβύτεροι ὑμῶν ἐνυπνίοις ἐνυπνιασθήσονται· |
18 yea, and on my menservants and my maidservants in those days I will pour out my Spirit; and they shall prophesy. |
18 καί γε ἐπὶ τοὺς δούλους μου καὶ ἐπὶ τὰς δούλας μου ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις ἐκείναις ἐκχεῶ ἀπὸ τοῦ πνεύματός μου, καὶ προφητεύσουσιν. |
19 And I will show wonders in the heaven above and signs on the earth beneath, blood, and fire, and vapor of smoke; |
19 καὶ δώσω τέρατα ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ ἄνω καὶ σημεῖα ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς κάτω, αἷμα καὶ πῦρ καὶ ἀτμίδα καπνοῦ. |
20 the sun shall be turned into darkness and the moon into blood, before the day of the Lord comes, the great and manifest day. |
20 ὁ ἥλιος μεταστραφήσεται εἰς σκότος καὶ ἡ σελήνη εἰς αἷμα, πρὶν ἐλθεῖν ἡμέραν κυρίου τὴν μεγάλην καὶ ἐπιφανῆ. |
21 And it shall be that whoever calls on the name of the Lord shall be saved.’ |
21 καὶ ἔσται πᾶς ὃς ἂν ἐπικαλέσηται τὸ ὄνομα κυρίου σωθήσεται. |
22 “Men of Israel, hear these words: Jesus of Nazareth, a man attested to you by God with mighty works and wonders and signs which God did through him in your midst, as you yourselves know -- |
22 Ἄνδρες Ἰσραηλῖται, ἀκούσατε τοὺς λόγους τούτους· Ἰησοῦν τὸν Ναζωραῖον, ἄνδρα ἀποδεδειγμένον ἀπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ εἰς ὑμᾶς δυνάμεσι καὶ τέρασι καὶ σημείοις οἷς ἐποίησεν δι᾽ αὐτοῦ ὁ θεὸς ἐν μέσῳ ὑμῶν καθὼς αὐτοὶ οἴδατε, |
Pentecost, El Greco, 1510 |
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On the Holy Spirit
Basil the Great of Caesaria, elder brother of Gregory of Nyssa; hermit in Neocaesaria 358-370;
Bishop of Neocaesaria 370-379.
Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, Second Series: Volume VIII
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Chapter 9 |
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23. AND [The Holy Spirit], like the sun, will by the aid of your purified eye show you in Himself the image of the invisible, and in the blessed spectacle of the image you shalt behold the unspeakable beauty of the archetype.215 | Ὁ δέ͵ ὥσπερ ἥλιος͵ κεκαθαρ μένον ὄμμα παραλαβών͵ δείξει σοι ἐν ἑαυτῷ τὴν εἰκόνα τοῦ ἀοράτου. Ἐν δὲ τῷ μακαρίῳ τῆς εἰκόνος θεάματι τὸ ἄρρητον ὄψει τοῦ ἀρχετύπου κάλλος. |
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THROUGH His aid hearts are lifted up, the weak are held by the hand, and they who are advancing are brought to perfection.216 Shining upon those that are cleansed from every spot, He makes them spiritual by fellowship with Himself. |
Διὰ τούτου͵ καρδιῶν ἀνάβασις͵ χειραγωγία τῶν ἀσθενούντων͵ τῶν προκοπτόντων τελείωσις. Τοῦτο τοῖς ἀπὸ πάσης κηλῖδος κεκαθαρμένοις ἐλλάμπον͵ τῇ πρὸς ἑαυτὸ κοινωνίᾳ πνευματικοὺς ἀποδείκνυσι. |
Just as when a sunbeam falls on bright and transparent bodies, they themselves become brilliant too, and shed forth a fresh brightness from themselves, |
Καὶ ὥσπερ τὰ λαμπρὰ καὶ διαφανῆ τῶν σωμάτων͵ ἀκτῖνος αὐτοῖς ἐμπεσούσης͵ αὐτά τε γίνεται περιλαμπῆ͵ καὶ ἑτέραν αὐγὴν ἀφ΄ ἑαυτῶν ἀποστίλβει· ο |
so souls wherein the Spirit dwells, illuminated by the Spirit, themselves become spiritual, and send forth their grace to others. | ὕτως αἱ πνευματοφόροι ψυχαὶ ἐλλαμφθεῖσαι παρὰ τοῦ Πνεύματος͵ αὐταί τε ἀποτελοῦνται πνευματικαὶ καὶ εἰς ἑτέρους τὴν χάριν ἐξαποστέλλουσιν. |
Hence comes[:] |
Ἐντεῦθεν͵ |
foreknowledge of the future, |
μελλόντων πρόγνωσις͵ |
understanding of mysteries, |
μυστηρίων σύνεσις͵ |
apprehension of what is hidden, |
κεκρυμμένων κατάληψις͵ |
distribution of good gifts, |
χαρισμάτων διανομαί͵ |
the heavenly citizenship, |
τὸ οὐράνιον πολί τευμα͵ |
a place in the chorus of angels, |
ἡ μετὰ ἀγγέλων χορεία͵ |
joy without end, |
ἡ ἀτελεύτητος εὐφροσύνη͵ |
abiding in God, |
ἡ ἐν Θεῷ διαμονή͵ |
the being made like to God, |
ἡ πρὸς Θεὸν ὁμοίωσις͵ |
and, highest of all, |
τὸ ἀκρότατον τῶν ὀρεκτῶν͵ θεὸν γενέσθαι. |
217 Such, then, to instance a few out of many, are the conceptions concerning the Holy Spirit, which we have been taught to hold concerning His greatness, His dignity, and His operations, by the oracles218 of the Spirit themselves. |
Αἱ μὲν οὖν περὶ τοῦ ἁγίου Πνεύματος ἔννοιαι ἡμῶν͵ ἃς περὶ τοῦ μεγέθους αὐτοῦ καὶ τῆς ἀξίας καὶ τῶν ἐνεργημάτων ὑπ΄ αὐτῶν τῶν λογίων τοῦ Πνεύματος φρονεῖν ἐδιδάχθημεν͵ ὡς ὀλίγα ἀπὸ πολλῶν παραθέσθαι͵ τοιαῦται. |
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Pentecost, De Firenze, 1536 |
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Elder brother of Gregory of Nyssa; hermit in Neocaesaria 358-370; Bishop of Neocaesaria 370-379. [Note that this is the LATIN version of Basil's Asceticon, which St. Benedict knew and particularly recommended to his monks in RB 79]
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QUESTION 3 (LR 7) |
[0494B] INTERROGATIO III |
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SINCE your words have convinced us that it is dangerous to live in company with those who hold the commandments of God in light regard, we consider it logical to inquire whether one who retires from society should live in solitude or with brethren who are of the same mind and who have set before themselves the same goal, that is, the devout life. |
Quia ostendit nobis sermo tuus
periculosum esse cum his qui mandata contemnunt vitam ducere, nunc
discere cupimus si oporteat eum qui ab hujuscemodi consortiis
discesserit, remotum esse et solum, an vero cum fratribus ejusdem
propositi et ejusdem animi vitam suam sociare. |
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RESPONSE: | RESP. |
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3.1. I CONSIDER that life passed in company with a number of persons in the same habitation is more advantageous in many respects. | RESP. In multis utile esse video vitam communem ducere cum his qui ejusdem voluntatis sunt atque propositi. |
My reasons are,
first, that no one of us is self-sufficient as regards corporeal
necessities, but we require one another’s aid in supplying our needs.
[...] Similarly, in the solitary life, what is at hand becomes useless to us
and what is wanting cannot be provided, since God, the Creator, decreed
that we should require the help of one another, as it is written, so
that we might associate with one another. |
Primo, quia etiam ad usus corporales victusque ministerium
unusquisque nostrum solus sibi non sufficit: et vero
ideo pro his quae
ad ministerium vitae nostrae necessaria sunt, invicem opera nostra
egemus. [...]
ita etiam vita solitaria mihi pati videtur cum neque quod ei inest,
utile esse, neque quod deest ab aliquo possit acquiri. |
Again, apart from this consideration, the doctrine of the charity of Christ does not permit the individual to be concerned solely with his own private interests. | Praeter hoc autem nec ratio quidem charitatis unumquemque permittit quod suum est quaerere, |
‘Charity,’
says the Apostle, ‘seeks not her own.’
(I Cor.
13) FURTHERMORE, a person
living in solitary retirement will not readily discern his own defects,
since he has no one to admonish and correct him. Antony
meets Paul the Hermit: |
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Such a one...,
consequently, experiences the truth of the saying, ‘Woe
to him that is alone, for when he falleth he hath none to lift him
up.’(Eccle.
4) |
et facile hujusmodi homini accidere potest
illud quod scriptum est: Vae soli,
quia si ceciderit, nemo est alius qui erigat eum
(Eccle.
IV) |
Moreover, the majority of the commandments are easily observed by several persons living together, |
Sed et mandata a pluribus quidem facilius adimplentur; |
but not so in
the case of one living alone; for,
while he is obeying one commandment, the practice of another is being
interfered with FOR
EXAMPLE,
when he is visiting the sick, how can he show hospitality to the
stranger? The Hospitality of Abraham, Getty Hours |
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3.3.
In
addition, since no one has the capacity to receive all spiritual gifts,
but the grace of the Spirit is given proportionately to the faith of
each, when one is living in association with others,
the grace privately
bestowed on each individual becomes the common possession of his
fellows. ‘To one, indeed, is
given the word of wisdom; and to another, the word of knowledge; to
another, faith, to another, prophecy, to another, the grace of healing,’
and so on. He who receives any of these gifts does not possess it for
his own sake but rather for the sake of others, so that, in the life
passed in community, the operation of the Holy Spirit in the individual
is at the same time necessarily transmitted to all. |
Tum deinde nec sufficere potest unus
ad suscipienda omnia dona Spiritus sancti, quia secundum uniuscujusque
mensuram fidei et donorum spiritualium distributio celebratur: ut id
quod per partes unicuique distributum est, rursum tanquam membra ad
aedificationem unius corporis coeat et conspiret. Alii
enim datur sermo sapientiae, alii sermo scientiae, alii fides, alii
prophetia, alii gratia sanitatum
(I
Cor. XII)
, et caetera; quae singula
utique non tam pro se unusquisque quam pro aliis suscipit a Spiritu
sancto. Et ideo necesse est uniuscujusque gratiam,
quam susceperit a
Spiritu Dei, et
in commune prodesse. |
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3.5.
BESIDES
these disadvantages, the solitary life is fraught with other perils. |
Sed interdum et periculo
proxima est vita solitaria. |
The
first and greatest
[danger] is that of
self-satisfaction. Since the solitary has
no one to appraise his conduct, he will think he has achieved the
perfection of the precept. Secondly, because he never tests his state of
soul by exercise, he will not recognize his own deficiencies nor will
he discover the advance he may have made in his manner of acting, since
he will have removed all practical occasion for the observance of the
commandments. |
Primo quidem illi periculo subjacet,
quod certe gravissimum est, in quo ipse sibi placet, et neminem habens
qui possit opus ipsius probare, videbitur sibi ad summam perfectionem
venisse. Tum deinde sine ullo exercitio degens, neque quid sibi vitii
abundet, neque quid virtutis desit, agnoscit. Neque discretionem
[0495D]
habere poterit in operum qualitate, pro eo quod operandi materia omnis
exclusa sit. |
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3.6.
CONSIDER,
further, that the Lord was not
content with merely teaching the word, but, so as to transmit to us
clearly and exactly the example of humility in the perfection of charity,
girded Himself and
washed the feet of the disciples.
WHOSE
FEET,
therefore, will you wash? To whom will you minister? In
comparison with whom will you be the lowest,
if you live alone? The Washing of the Feet, Giotto |
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HOW, moreover, in a solitude, will that good and pleasant thing be accomplished, the dwelling of brethren together in one habitation (Psal. 132) which the Holy Spirit likens to ointment emitting its fragrance from the head of the high priest? |
Sed et aliud quod dicitur: Bonum et jucundum habitare fratres in unum (Psal. 132) , quod unguento pontificali in barbam de capite descendenti sanctus Spiritus comparavit, quomodo in solitaria habitatione complebitur? |
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3.7.
FOR the place
where brothers
dwell together in community is what the apostle terms
an
“arena” Pentecost, Fra Angelico |
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IN this [arena] there is advancement in the practice of virtue; meditation on the divine commandments freely shines forth and illuminates. | in quo per virtutis exercitium proficitur; in quo meditatio divinorum mandatorum effulget amplius et clarescit, |
This fraternal unity of souls which the brethren share among them resembles and exemplifies what sacred scriptures says concerning the saints in the Acts of the Apostles: All the believers were united, and they held all things in common (Acts 4). | haec communis inter se unanimorum fratrum [0496B] habitatio: habens in se illam similitudinem et exemplum, quod in Actibus apostolorum refert de sanctis Scriptura divina, dicens: Quia omnes credentes erant in unum, et habebant omnia communia (Act. IV) . |
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Trinity, Dürer |
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Andre Rubilev, 1410 |
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Converte nos, Deus, salutaris noster
Ps 84 (85).5 John Fouquet, c. 1460 |
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Master of James IV, 1520 |
Triandric Trinity, Fr. Illum ms. 1362 |
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The Duke of Berry, Petites Heures |
Bartolomeus
Angelicus, |
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Durer 1515 |
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Greco 1577 |
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VENI
CREATOR
SPIRITUS
/
COME,
CREATOR
SPIRIT
HYMN
to the HOLY
SPIRIT
Come Holy Spirit, creator, from your bright heavenly throne, come take possession of our souls and make them all your own |
Veni Creator Spiritus, Mentes tuorum visita, Imple superna gratia, Quae Tu creasti pectora. |
You Who are called Paraclete blest gift of God above, the living spring, the living fire, sweet unction and true love. |
Qui diceris Paraclitus, Altissimi donum Dei, Fons Vivus, Ignis, Caritas, Et spiritalis unctio. |
You Who are sevenfold in your grace, finger of God's right hand; his promise, teaching little ones to speak and understand. |
Tu septiformis munere, Digitus paternae dexterae, Tu rite promissum Patris Sermone ditans guttura. |
O guide our minds with your blest light, inflame our hearts with love; and with strength, which never decays, confirm our mortal frame. |
Accende lumen sensibus, Infunde amorem cordibus; Infirma nostri corporis, Virtute firmans perpeti.
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Drive far from us our deadly foe; true peace unto us bring; and through all perils, lead us safe beneath your sacred wing. |
Hostem repellas longius, Pacemque dones protinus; Ductore sic te previo, Vitemus omne noxium. |
Through You may we know the Father; through You the eternal Son, and You the Spirit of them both, thrice-blessed Three in One. |
Per te sciamus da Patrem, Noscamus atque Filium Teque utriusque Spiritum, Credamus omni tempore. |
All glory to the Father be, with his co-equal Son: the same to You great Paraclete, While endless ages run. |
Deo Patri sit gloria, Et Filio, qui a mortuis Surrexit, ac Paraclito, In saeculorum saecula. |
Amen |
Amen. |
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v Gift from our Heritage for the Church and World Today
v Restores Balance of Private and Liturgical Prayer
v Teaches us to Pray the Book of the Heart
v Re-establishes a Rhythm of Silence and Speech – of Self-Offering and Attentive Listening
http://ldysinger.com/retreats/monasticism_early/00a_start.htm
This Webpage was created for a workshop held at Saint Andrew's Abbey, Valyermo, California in 2003