BOOK VI.
SANCTIONS in the CHURCH

 LIBER VI.
DE SANCTIONIBUS IN ECCLESIA

PART I. DELICTS and PENALTIES IN GENERAL

 Pars I. DE DELICTIS ET POENIS IN GENERE

TITLE III.
THE SUBJECT LIABLE to PENAL SANCTIONS
(Cann. 1321 - 1330)

TITULUS III
de SUBIECTO POENALIBUS SANCTIONIBUS OBNOXIO

Can. 1321 §1. No one is punished unless the external violation of a law or precept, committed by the person, is gravely imputable by reason of malice or negligence.

Can. 1321 — § 1. Nemo punitur, nisi externa legis vel praecepti violatio, ab eo commissa, sit graviter imputabilis ex dolo vel ex culpa.

§2. A penalty established by a law or precept binds the person who has deliberately violated the law or precept; however, a person who violated a law or precept by omitting necessary diligence is not punished unless the law or precept provides otherwise.

§ 2. Poena lege vel praecepto statuta is tenetur, qui legem vel praeceptum deliberate violavit; qui vero id egit ex omissione debitae diligentiae, non punitur, nisi lex vel praeceptum aliter caveat.

§3. When an external violation has occurred, imputability is presumed unless it is otherwise apparent.

§ 3. Posita externa violatione, imputabilitas praesumitur, nisi aliud appareat.

Can. 1322 Those who habitually lack the use of reason are considered to be incapable of a delict, even if they violated a law or precept while seemingly sane.

Can. 1322 — Qui habitualiter rationis usu carent, etsi legem vel praeceptum violaverint dum sani videbantur, delicti in incapaces habentur.

Can. 1323 The following are not subject to a penalty when they have violated a law or precept:

Can. 1323 — Nulli poenae est obnoxius qui, cum legem vel praeceptum violavit:

  1. a person who has not yet completed the sixteenth year of age;

1° sextum decimum aetatis annum nondum explevit;

  2. a person who without negligence was ignorant that he or she violated a law or precept; inadvertence and error are equivalent to ignorance;

2° sine culpa ignoravit se legem vel praeceptum violare; ignorantiae autem inadvertentia et error aequiparantur

  3. a person who acted due to physical force or a chance occurrence which the person could not foresee or, if foreseen, avoid;

3° egit ex vi physica vel ex casu fortuito, quem praevidere vel cui praeviso occurrere non potuit;

  4. a person who acted coerced by grave fear, even if only relatively grave, or due to necessity or grave inconvenience unless the act is intrinsically evil or tends to the harm of souls;

4° metu gravi, quamvis relative tantum, coactus egit, aut ex necessitate vel gravi incommodo, nisi tamen actus sit intrinsece malus aut vergat in animarum damnum;

  5. a person who acted with due moderation against an unjust aggressor for the sake of legitimate self defense or defense of another;

5° legitimae tutelae causa contra iniustum sui vel alterius aggressorem egit, debitum servans moderamen;

  6. a person who lacked the use of reason, without prejudice to the prescripts of cann. 1324, §1, n. 2 and 1325;

6° rationis usu carebat, firmis praescriptis cann. 1324, § 1, n. 2 et 1325;

  7. a person who without negligence thought that one of the circumstances mentioned in nn. 4 or 5 was present.

7° sine culpa putavit aliquam adesse ex circumstantiis, de quibus in nn. 4 vel 5.

Can. 1324 §1. The perpetrator of a violation is not exempt from a penalty, but the penalty established by law or precept must be tempered or a penance employed in its place if the delict was committed:

Can. 1324 — § 1. Violationis auctor non eximitur a poena, sed poena lege vel praecepto statuta temperari debet vel in eius locum paenitentia adhiberi,si delictum patratum sit:

  1. by a person who had only the imperfect use of reason;

1° ab eo, qui rationis usum imperfectum tantum habuerit;

  2. by a person who lacked the use of reason because of drunkenness or another similar culpable disturbance of mind;

2° ab eo qui rationis usu carebat propter ebrietatem aliamve similem mentis perturbationem, quae culpabilis fuerit;

  3. from grave heat of passion which did not precede and hinder all deliberation of mind and consent of will and provided that the passion itself had not been stimulated or fostered voluntarily;

3° ex gravi passionis aestu, qui non omnem tamen mentis deliberationem et voluntatis consensum praecesserit et impedierit, et dummodo passio ipsa ne fuerit voluntarie excitata vel nutrita;

  4. by a minor who has completed the age of sixteen years;

4° a minore, qui aetatem sedecim annorum explevit;

  5. by a person who was coerced by grave fear, even if only relatively grave, or due to necessity or grave inconvenience if the delict is intrinsically evil or tends to the harm of souls;

5° ab eo, qui metu gravi, quamvis relative tantum, coactus est, aut ex necessitate vel gravi incommodo, si delictum sit intrinsece malum vel in animarum damnum vergat;

  6. by a person who acted without due moderation against an unjust aggressor for the sake of legitimate self defense or defense of another;

6° ab eo, qui legitimae tutelae causa contra iniustum sui vel alterius aggressorem egit, nec tamen debitum servavit moderamen;

  7. against someone who gravely and unjustly provokes the person;

7° adversus aliquem graviter et iniuste provocantem;

  8. by a person who thought in culpable error that one of the circumstances mentioned in can. 1323, nn. 4 or 5 was present;

8° ab eo, qui per errorem, ex sua tamen culpa, putavit aliquam adesse ex circumstantiis, de quibus in can. 1323, nn. 4 vel 5;

  9. by a person who without negligence did not know that a penalty was attached to a law or precept;

9° ab eo, qui sine culpa ignoravit poenam legi vel praecepto esse adnexam;

 10. by a person who acted without full imputability provided that the imputability was grave.

10° ab eo, qui egit sine plena imputabilitate, dummodo haec gravis permanserit.

§2. A judge can act in the same manner if another circumstance is present which diminishes the gravity of a delict.

§ 2. Idem potest iudex facere, si qua alia adsit circumstantia, quae delicti gravitatem deminuat.

§3. In the circumstances mentioned in §1, the accused is not bound by a latae sententiae penalty.

§ 3. In circumstantiis, de quibus in § 1, reus poena latae sententiae non tenetur.

Can. 1325 Crass, supine, or affected ignorance can never be considered in applying the prescripts of cann. 1323 and 1324; likewise drunkenness or other disturbances of mind cannot be considered if they are sought deliberately in order to commit or excuse a delict, nor can passion which is voluntarily stimulated or fostered.

Can. 1325 — Ignorantia crassa vel supina vel affectata numquam considerari potest in applicandis praescriptis cann. 1323 et 1324; item ebrietas aliaeve mentis perturbationes, si sint de industria ad delictum patrandum vel excusandum quaesitae, et passio, quae voluntarie excitata vel nutrita sit.

TITLE VI.
THE CESSATION of PENALTIES
(Cann. 1354 - 1363)

TITULUS VI - DE POENARUM CESSATIONE

Can. 1357    §1. Without prejudice to the prescripts of cann. 508 and 976, a confessor can remit in the internal sacramental forum an undeclared latae sententiae censure of excommunication or interdict if it is burdensome for the penitent to remain in the state of grave sin during the time necessary for the competent superior to make provision.

Can. 1357 - § 1.  Firmis praescriptis cann. 508 et 976, censuram latae sententiae excommunicationis vel interdicti non declaratam confessarius remittere potest in foro interno sacramentali, si paenitenti durum sit in statu gravis peccati permanere per tempus necessarium ut Superior competens provideat.

   §2. In granting the remission, the confessor is to impose on the penitent, under the penalty of reincidence, the obligation of making recourse within a month to the competent superior or to a priest endowed with the faculty and the obligation of obeying his mandates; in the meantime he is to impose a suitable penance and, insofar as it is demanded, reparation of any scandal and damage; however, recourse can also be made through the confessor, without mention of the name.

§ 2.  In remissione concedenda confessarius paenitenti onus iniungat recurrendi intra mensem sub poena reincidentiae ad Superiorem competentem vel ad sacerdotem facultate praeditum, et standi huius mandatis; interim imponat congruam paenitentiam et, quatenus urgeat, scandali et damni reparationem; recursus autem fieri potest etiam per confessarium, sine nominis mentione. 

   §3. After they have recovered, those for whom an imposed or declared censure or one reserved to the Apostolic See has been remitted according to the norm of can. 976 are also obliged to make recourse.

§ 3.  Eodem onere recurrendi tenentur,  postquam convaluerint, ii quibus ad normam can. 976 remissa est censura irrogata vel declarata vel Sedi Apostolicae reservata