Edward Jenner 1749-1823- .“Vaccinated” (from cows) patients with cowpox pus rather than “innoculating” patients with what was hoped to be an attenuated form of the disease: i.e. from pus from smallpox sufferer.

LOUIS PASTEUR, a chemist, discovered that organisms in the air could make wine sour.  He discovered how to prevent this contamination, and how to kill the microbes with heat. 

PASTEUR went on to develop immunizations for chicken pox, cholera, diphtheria, anthrax and rabies. However, his recommendation that surgical instruments be boiled before before surgery so as to kill microbes (aseptic surgery as opposed to Lister's antiseptic surgery - Lister was a physician and surgeon) was delayed until the 20th century.

This Webpage was created for a workshop held at Saint Andrew's Abbey, Valyermo, California in 1990....x....  ’ “”.