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Lay Council, Med. illum. ms. The Siege of Troy, Med. illum. ms. |
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Lay Council, Med. illum. ms. The Siege of Troy, Med. illum. ms. |
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* McLean, et.al., eds., The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Politics (3rd ed., Oxford Univ.Pr. 2010).
LIBERALISM in politics encouraged reaction and revolution against monarchy, hereditary privilege, and state religion in order to replace them with representative democracy, rule of law, and equality under the law, and religious freedom. The latter presupposes religious toleration: however, Catholicism was widely perceived as supportive of (or eager to restore) the ancien régime. Thus anti-Catholicism (sometimes anti-Christianity) often co-existed with with supposed religious toleration.
Liberalism in religion is the doctrine that there is no positive truth in religion, but that one creed is as good as another, and this is the teaching which is gaining substance and force daily. It is inconsistent with any recognition of any religion, as true. It teaches that all are to be tolerated, for all are matters of opinion. Revealed religion is not a truth, but a sentiment and a taste; not an objective fact, not miraculous; and it is the right of each individual to make it say just what strikes his fancy. Devotion is not necessarily founded on faith…
Saint John Henry Cardinal Newman, The Biglietto Speech, delivered on being raised to the College of Cardinals
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║INN. XI║ CLEM XIV║ PIUS VI ║ PIUS VII ║L.12/P.8║ GR.XVI ║ AM.REV. FR.REV. NAP.WARS REV. CIV.WAR '38 –– LOUIS XIV –– 1715 ║ 1715 –– LOUIS XV –– 1774 ║'74 LOUIS XVI '92║ GALLICAN GALLICANISM ║ 1769 - NAPOLEON BONAPARTE - 1821 ║ ARTICLES 1682 ║ 1694 ――― VOLTAIRE ―――― 1778 ║ CHARLES II |JII| WM.III | ANN |GEO. I | GEORGE II | GEORGE III |G. IV |WMIV| VICTORIA 1660-1685 85-88 89-02 02-14 14-27 1727―1760 1760 ― 1820 20-30 30-37 1837 ― 1901 ║ 1735 ― Bishop JOHN CARROLL, SJ [' 90 Bp.] ― 1815 ║ ║ 1737 ――― Thomas PAINE ――― 1809 ║
PUEBLO REVOLT ║ 1743 ――― Thomas JEFFERSON ――― 1826 ║ '
1780-'92 MEX.IDEP. SECULAR'46 MEX-AM.WAR'48 JESUITS 1821 '33-'36 EXPELLED 1764 '68 MISSIONS '84 ║ '34-RANCHOS-'49║
║ 1713 ― Junípero SERRA, OFM ― 1784║║1785-Franc.García Diego y MORENO, O.F.M-1846║
║ 1736 - Fermín Francisco de LASUÉN, OFM - 1803 ║ Bp.'40-'46 '84-MISSIONS-'03 ║ 1808 ―――― NAPOLEON III ―――― 1873 ║
REGALISM JOSEPHISM 1773-JESUIT SUPPRESSION-1814
'26 de RANCE O.C.S.O. -1700║ ║ 1749 ― Johann Wolfgang Von GOETHE ― 1832 ║ ║ 1711 ――― David HUME ――― 1776 ║ ║ 1809 ―Charles DARWIN―1882 ║ 1712 ― Jean-Jacques ROUSSEAU ― 1778 ║ 1632 - John LOCKE - 1704 ║ ║ 1724 ――― Immanuel KANT ――― 1804 ║ 1642 ― Isaac NEWTON ― 1727 ║ ║ 1749 ― Pierre-Simon LAPLACE ― 1827 ║ ║ 1672 - Emperor PETER I (The Great) -1725 ║ ║ 1741―Emperor JOSEPH II―1790 ║
JANSENISM UNIGENITUS FEBRONIANISM St.M.ALACOQUE '90 ║ ║ 1696 ――― St. Alphonsus LIGUORI ――― 1787 ║ ║ 1805 - Prosper GUERANGER, OSB - 1875
║ 1675 ― Jean Pierre de CAUSSADE ― 1751 ║ ║ 1801 - Bl. John Henry NEWMAN -1890 1651 ― St. John de La SALLE ― 1719 ║ ║ 1782 ― Félicité Robert de LAMENNAIS ― 1854 ║
║ 1694 ―― St. PAUL of the CROSS ―― 1775 ║
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