CHRISTIAN
MYSTICISM

“Through theological reflection, preaching, and catechesis, the Church has recognized for centuries that

AT the heart of mystical life lies the awareness of an intimate union of love with God.”

Pope Leo XIV, Address at the Conference, “Mysticism, Mystical Phenomena, and Holiness,”
organized by the Dicastery for the Causes of Saints. Nov 13, 2026

IN the Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church Elizabeth Livingstone offers the following definition:

In modern usage “mysticism” generally refers to claims of immediate knowledge of Ultimate Reality (whether or not this is called “God”) by direct personal experience;

“mystical theology” is used to mean[:]

[1] the study of mystical phenomena or

[2] the science of the mystical life.

WHILE the term “mysticism” is both variously-defined and controversial, the term “mystical theology” has been used in Christian theology since the time of the sixth-century, pseudonymous author, Dionysius the Pseudo-Areopagite. A definition of mystical theology suggested by bishop Kallistos Ware is based on a much repeated phrase by Athanasius:

3. FOR HE WAS MADE HUMAN

THAT WE MIGHT BE MADE GOD;¹⁵⁶

De Incarnatione, 3.

^54.3 Αὐτὸς γὰρ ἐνηνθρώπησεν͵ ἵνα ἡμεῖς θεοποιηθῶμεν·

Bishop Ware suggests that the first part of the saying is the matter of systematic or dogmatic theology, while the second concerns mystical theology

“MYSTICISM keeps men sane. As long as you have mystery you have health; when you destroy mystery you create morbidity. The ordinary man has always been sane because the ordinary man has always been a mystic. He has permitted the twilight. He has always had one foot in earth and the other in fairyland. He has always left himself free to doubt his gods; but (unlike the agnostic of to-day) free also to believe in them. He has always cared more for truth than for consistency. If he saw two truths that seemed to contradict each other, he would take the two truths and the contradiction along with them. His spiritual sight is stereoscopic, like his physical sight: he sees two different pictures at once and yet sees all the better for that. Thus he has always believed that there was such a thing as fate, but such a thing as free will also.”

Mysticism is “an experience that surpasses mere rational knowledge — not because of the merit of the one who lives it, but through a spiritual gift that may manifest itself in different, even apparently opposite, ways, such as radiant visions or deep darkness, afflictions or ecstasies,” the pope said.

Leo met Nov. 13 with participants in a three-day conference on “Mysticism, Mystical Phenomena and Holiness,” sponsored by the Dicastery for the Causes of Saints.

Cardinal Marcello Semeraro, prefect of the dicastery that examines the lives of proposed saints, told the conference Nov. 10 that holiness “consists fundamentally in love for God and for neighbor,” which can be expressed in a variety of ways and is “not necessarily accompanied by extraordinary, mystical or charismatic graces.”

In fact, Cardinal Víctor Manuel Fernández, prefect of the Dicastery for the Doctrine of the Faith, who addressed the conference the following day, said that while there have been about 3,500 canonizations and beatifications in the past 50 years, the Catholic Church has recognized as “supernatural” only three or four mystical phenomena.

The relationship between mystical phenomena and holiness of life “is one of the most beautiful dimensions of the experience of faith,” Leo told the group, thanking them for contributing “both to appreciating it and to shedding light on certain aspects that require discernment.”

“Through theological reflection as well as preaching and catechesis, the church has recognized for centuries that at the heart of the mystical life lies the awareness of an intimate union of love with God,” the pope said. Such an “event of grace” always shows itself by the fruits it produces.

The unusual phenomena “remain secondary and nonessential to mysticism and holiness itself: They may be signs of it, inasmuch as they are particular charisms, but the true goal is and always remains communion with God,” he said. They “are not indispensable conditions for recognizing the holiness of a believer.”

“What matters most, and what must be emphasized in examining candidates for sainthood, is the candidate’s full and constant conformity to the will of God, revealed in Scripture and in the living apostolic tradition,” Leo said.

The pope quoted St. Teresa of Avila, the great Spanish mystic, who said: “The highest perfection obviously does not consist in interior delights or in great raptures or in visions or in the spirit of prophecy but in having our will so much in conformity with God’s will that there is nothing we know he wills that we do not want with all our desire, and in accepting the bitter as happily as we do the delightful when we know that his majesty desires it.”

The church always has and will continue to provide “criteria for distinguishing authentic spiritual phenomena — which can occur in an atmosphere of prayer and sincere seeking of God — from manifestations that may be deceptive,” the pope said. “To avoid falling into superstitious illusion, such events must be evaluated with prudence, through humble discernment in accordance with the teaching of the church.”

xcxxcxxc F ” “ This Webpage was created for a workshop held at Saint Andrew's Abbey, Valyermo, California in 2012....x.... ’ “”.