PARADISO § 5-7
MERCURY 
 

 

 

 


CANTO 5;   CANTO 6;   CANTO 7
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CANTO 5
(The Nature of Vows)

 

 

 

 

 

Beatrice, rejoicing in Dante's progress, explains the supreme gift of Free Will, shared by angels and men and by no other creature. Hence may be deduced the supreme significance of vows, wherein this Free Will, by its own act, sacrifices itself. Wherefore there can be nothing so august as to form a fitting substitute, nor any use of the once consecrated thing so hallowed as to excuse the breaking of the sow. And yet Holy Church grants dispensations. The explanation lies in the distinction between the content of the vow (the specific thing consecrated) and the act of vowing. The vow must in every case be kept, but he who has made it, may, under due authority, sometimes substitute for the specific content of the vow some other, worth half as much again; which last condition precludes any sub­stitute for the complete self-dedication of monastic vows. And he who makes a vow such as God cannot sanction, has in that act al­ready done evil; to keep such a vow is only to deepen his guilt; and, kept or broken, it brings his religion into contempt. Dante's further questioning is cut short by their ascent to Mercury, which grows brighter at their presence. Here, in the star that scarce asserts itself, but is lost to mortals in the sun's rays, are the once ambitious souls, that now rejoice in the access of fresh objects of love. They ap­proach Dante, and one of them, with lofty gratulations, offers him­self as the vehicle of divine enlighten ;tent. Dante questions him as to his history and the place assigned to him in heaven; whereon the spirit (Justinian) so glows with joy that his outward form is lost in fight.

 

 

IF in the fire of love I seem to flame
beyond the measure visible on earth,
so that I overcome your vision’s force,

«S’io ti fiammeggio nel caldo d’amore
di là dal modo che ‘n terra si vede,
sì che del viso tuo vinco il valore,
05.003

you need not wonder; I am so because
of my perfected vision-as I grasp
the good, so I approach the good in act.

non ti maravigliar; ché ciò procede
da perfetto veder, che, come apprende,
così nel bene appreso move il piede.
05.006

Indeed I see that in your intellect
now shines the never-ending light; once seen,
that light, alone and always, kindles love;

Io veggio ben sì come già resplende
ne l’intelletto tuo l’etterna luce,
che, vista, sola e sempre amore accende;
05.009

and if a lesser thing allure your love,
it is a vestige of that light which-though
imperfectly-gleams through that lesser thing.

e s’altra cosa vostro amor seduce,
non è se non di quella alcun vestigio,
mal conosciuto, che quivi traluce.
05.012

You wish to know if, through a righteous act,
one can repair a promise unfulfilled,
so that the soul and God are reconciled.”

Tu vuo’ saper se con altro servigio,
per manco voto, si può render tanto
che l’anima sicuri di letigio».
05.015

So Beatrice began this canto, and
as one who does not interrupt her speech,
so did her holy reasoning proceed:

Sì cominciò Beatrice questo canto;
e sì com’uom che suo parlar non spezza,
continuò così ‘l processo santo:
05.018

“The greatest gift the magnanimity
of God, as He created, gave, the gift
most suited to His goodness, gift that He

«Lo maggior don che Dio per sua larghezza
fesse creando, e a la sua bontate
più conformato, e quel ch’e’ più apprezza,
05.021

most prizes, was the freedom of the will;
those beings that have intellect-all these
and none but these-received and do receive

fu de la volontà la libertate;
di che le creature intelligenti,
e tutte e sole, fuoro e son dotate.
05.024

this gift: thus you may draw, as consequence,
the high worth of a vow, when what is pledged
with your consent encounters God’s consent;

Or ti parrà, se tu quinci argomenti,
l’alto valor del voto, s’è sì fatto
che Dio consenta quando tu consenti;
05.027

for when a pact is drawn between a man
and God, then through free will, a man gives up
what I have called his treasure, his free will.

ché, nel fermar tra Dio e l’uomo il patto,
vittima fassi di questo tesoro,
tal quale io dico; e fassi col suo atto.
05.030

What, then, can be a fitting compensation?
To use again what you had offered, would
mean seeking to do good with ill-got gains.

Dunque che render puossi per ristoro?
Se credi bene usar quel c’hai offerto,
di maltolletto vuo’ far buon lavoro.
05.033

By now you understand the major point;
but since the Holy Church gives dispensations-
which seems in contrast with the truth I stated-

Tu se’ omai del maggior punto certo;
ma perché Santa Chiesa in ciò dispensa,
che par contra lo ver ch’i’ t’ho scoverto,
05.036

you need to sit at table somewhat longer:
the food that you have taken was tough food-
it still needs help, if you are to digest it.

convienti ancor sedere un poco a mensa,
però che ‘l cibo rigido c’hai preso,
richiede ancora aiuto a tua dispensa.
05.039

Open your mind to what I shall disclose,
and hold it fast within you; he who hears,
but does not hold what he has heard, learns nothing.

Apri la mente a quel ch’io ti paleso
e fermalvi entro; ché non fa scienza,
sanza lo ritenere, avere inteso.
05.042

Two things are of the essence when one vows
a sacrifice: the matter of the pledge
and then the formal compact one accepts.

Due cose si convegnono a l’essenza
di questo sacrificio: l’una è quella
di che si fa; l’altr’è la convenenza.
05.045

This last can never be annulled until
the compact is fulfilled: it is of this
that I have spoken to you so precisely.

Quest’ultima già mai non si cancella
se non servata; e intorno di lei
sì preciso di sopra si favella:
05.048

Therefore, the Hebrews found it necessary
to bring their offerings, although-as you
must know-some of their offerings might be altered.

però necessitato fu a li Ebrei
pur l’offerere, ancor ch’alcuna offerta
sì permutasse, come saver dei.
05.051

As for the matter of the vow-discussed
above-it may be such that if one shifts
to other matter, one commits no sin.

L’altra, che per materia t’è aperta,
puote ben esser tal, che non si falla
se con altra materia si converta.
05.054

But let none shift the burden on his shoulder
through his own judgment, without waiting for
the turning of the white and yellow keys;

Ma non trasmuti carco a la sua spalla
per suo arbitrio alcun, sanza la volta
e de la chiave bianca e de la gialla;
05.057

and let him see that any change is senseless,
unless the thing one sets aside can be
contained in one’s new weight, as four in six.

e ogne permutanza credi stolta,
se la cosa dimessa in la sorpresa
come ‘l quattro nel sei non è raccolta.
05.060

Thus, when the matter of a vow has so
much weight and worth that it tips every scale,
no other weight can serve as substitute.

Però qualunque cosa tanto pesa
per suo valor che tragga ogne bilancia,
sodisfar non si può con altra spesa.
05.063

Let mortals never take a vow in jest;
be faithful and yet circumspect, not rash
as Jephthah was, in offering his first gift;

Non prendan li mortali il voto a ciancia;
siate fedeli, e a ciò far non bieci,
come Ieptè a la sua prima mancia;
05.066

he should have said, ‘I did amiss,’ and not
done worse by keeping faith. And you can find
that same stupidity in the Greeks’ chief-

cui più si convenia dicer ‘Mal feci’,
che, servando, far peggio; e così stolto
ritrovar puoi il gran duca de’ Greci,
05.069

when her fair face made Iphigenia grieve
and made the wise and made the foolish weep
for her when they heard tell of such a rite.

onde pianse Efigènia il suo bel volto,
e fé pianger di sé i folli e i savi
ch’udir parlar di così fatto cólto.
05.072

Christians, proceed with greater gravity:
do not be like a feather at each wind,
nor think that all immersions wash you clean.

Siate, Cristiani, a muovervi più gravi:
non siate come penna ad ogne vento,
e non crediate ch’ogne acqua vi lavi.
05.075

You have both Testaments, the Old and New,
you have the shepherd of the Church to guide you;
you need no more than this for your salvation.

Avete il novo e ‘l vecchio Testamento,
e ‘l pastor de la Chiesa che vi guida;
questo vi basti a vostro salvamento.
05.078

If evil greed would summon you elsewhere,
be men, and not like sheep gone mad, so that
the Jew who lives among you not deride you!

Se mala cupidigia altro vi grida,
uomini siate, e non pecore matte,
sì che ‘l Giudeo di voi tra voi non rida!
05.081

Do not act like the foolish, wanton lamb
that leaves its mother’s milk and, heedless, wants
to war against-and harm-its very self!”

Non fate com’agnel che lascia il latte
de la sua madre, e semplice e lascivo
seco medesmo a suo piacer combatte!».
05.084

These words of Beatrice I here transcribe;
and then she turned-her longing at the full-
to where the world is more alive with light.

Così Beatrice a me com’io scrivo;
poi si rivolse tutta disiante
a quella parte ove ‘l mondo è più vivo.
05.087

Her silence and the change in her appearance
imposed a silence on my avid mind,
which now was ready to address new questions;

Lo suo tacere e ‘l trasmutar sembiante
puoser silenzio al mio cupido ingegno,
che già nuove questioni avea davante;
05.090

and even as an arrow that has struck
the mark before the bow-cord comes to rest,
so did we race to reach the second realm.

e sì come saetta che nel segno
percuote pria che sia la corda queta,
così corremmo nel secondo regno.
05.093

When she had passed into that heaven’s light,
I saw my lady filled with so much gladness
that, at her joy, the planet grew more bright.

Quivi la donna mia vid’io sì lieta,
come nel lume di quel ciel si mise,
che più lucente se ne fé ‘l pianeta.
05.096

And if the planet changed and smiled, what then
did I-who by my very nature am
given to every sort of change-become?

E se la stella si cambiò e rise,
qual mi fec’io che pur da mia natura
trasmutabile son per tutte guise!
05.099

As in a fish-pool that is calm and clear,
the fish draw close to anything that nears
from outside, if it seems to be their fare,

Come ‘n peschiera ch’è tranquilla e pura
traggonsi i pesci a ciò che vien di fori
per modo che lo stimin lor pastura,
05.102

such were the far more than a thousand splendors
I saw approaching us, and each declared:
“Here now is one who will increase our loves.”

sì vid’io ben più di mille splendori
trarsi ver’ noi, e in ciascun s’udìa:
«Ecco chi crescerà li nostri amori».
05.105

And even as each shade approached, one saw,
because of the bright radiance it sent forth,
the joyousness with which that shade was filled.

E sì come ciascuno a noi venìa,
vedeasi l’ombra piena di letizia
nel folgór chiaro che di lei uscia.
05.108

Consider, reader, what your misery
and need to know still more would be if, at
this point, what I began did not go on;

Pensa, lettor, se quel che qui s’inizia
non procedesse, come tu avresti
di più savere angosciosa carizia;
05.111

and you will-unassisted-feel how I
longed so to hear those shades narrate their state
as soon as they appeared before my eyes.

e per te vederai come da questi
m’era in disio d’udir lor condizioni,
sì come a li occhi mi fur manifesti.
05.114

“O you born unto gladness, whom God’s grace
allows to see the thrones of the eternal
triumph before your war of life is ended,

«O bene nato a cui veder li troni
del triunfo etternal concede grazia
prima che la milizia s’abbandoni,
05.117

the light that kindles us is that same light
which spreads through all of heaven; thus, if you
would know us, sate yourself as you may please.”

del lume che per tutto il ciel si spazia
noi semo accesi; e però, se disii
di noi chiarirti, a tuo piacer ti sazia».
05.120

So did one of those pious spirits speak
to me. And Beatrice then urged: “Speak, speak
confidently; trust them as you trust gods.”

Così da un di quelli spirti pii
detto mi fu; e da Beatrice: «Dì, dì
sicuramente, e credi come a dii».
05.123

“I see-plainly-how you have nested in
your own light; see-you draw it from your eyes-
because it glistens even as you smile;

«Io veggio ben sì come tu t’annidi
nel proprio lume, e che de li occhi il traggi,
perch’e’ corusca sì come tu ridi;
05.126

but I do not know who you are or why,
good soul, your rank is in a sphere concealed
from mortals by another planet’s rays.”

ma non so chi tu se’, né perché aggi,
anima degna, il grado de la spera
che si vela a’ mortai con altrui raggi».
05.129

I said this as I stood turned toward the light
that first addressed me; and at this, it glowed
more radiantly than it had before.

Questo diss’io diritto alla lumera
che pria m’avea parlato; ond’ella fessi
lucente più assai di quel ch’ell’era.
05.132

Just as the sun, when heat has worn away
thick mists that moderate its rays, conceals
itself from sight through an excess of light,

Sì come il sol che si cela elli stessi
per troppa luce, come ‘l caldo ha róse
le temperanze d’i vapori spessi,
05.135

so did that holy form, through excess gladness,
conceal himself from me within his rays;
and so concealed, concealed, he answered me

per più letizia sì mi si nascose
dentro al suo raggio la figura santa;
e così chiusa chiusa mi rispuose
05.138

even as the next canto is to sing.

nel modo che ‘l seguente canto canta. 05.139

CANTO 6

 

 

 

CANTO 6
(Justinian)

 

 

 

 

 

Note that Justinian, the Lawgiver, is the spokesman of the Roman Empire, whereby is indicated that the true significance of the empire lies in its imposing and fostering the arts of peace. Justinian tells how Constantine removed the seat of Empire east from Rome to Byzan­tium, reversing the progress of Æneas who went from Troy to Rome, and how he, Justinian, came to the throne two hundred years later. He was a believer in the divine but not in the human nature of Christ, till converted by Agapetus to the truth which he now sees as clearly as logicians see the axiomatic law of contradictories. After his conversion God inspired him with the project of codifying the Roman Law, and he resigned the conduct of war to Belisarius. He goes on to rebuke the Guelf and Ghibelline factions by showing the august nature of the Roman Empire. In his exposition we note that the key of self-sacrifice is at once struck in the name of Pallas, the Etruscan-Greek volunteer who died for the Trojan cause, and is maintained till it leads up to the great struggles with Carthage and the East, and against internal factiousness; the founding of the Empire under Julius and Augustus and the establishment of univer­sal peace; the great act of Redemption for which all was a prepara­tion, and the subsequent fall of Jerusalem;  and the Empire's championship of the Church which had been born under its protection. It is equally wicked, therefore, to think of opposing the Empire or of turning it to factious purposes. The story of Rome has been told in the star adorned by those souls whose virtuous deeds had in them; some taint of worldly ambition or anxiety for good repute, but who are now free from all envious desire to have a greater reward, and rejoice rather in the harmony of which their estate is part. Here too is the lowly Romeo who was so disinterested but so sensitive con­cerning his reputation.

 

 

“After Constantine had turned the Eagle
counter to heaven’s course, the course it took
behind the ancient one who wed Lavinia,

«Poscia che Costantin l’aquila volse
contr’al corso del ciel, ch’ella seguio
dietro a l’antico che Lavina tolse,
06.003

one hundred and one hundred years and more,
the bird of God remained near Europe’s borders,
close to the peaks from which it first emerged;

cento e cent’anni e più l’uccel di Dio
ne lo stremo d’Europa si ritenne,
vicino a’ monti de’ quai prima uscìo;
06.006

beneath the shadow of the sacred wings,
it ruled the world, from hand to hand, until
that governing-changing-became my task.

e sotto l’ombra de le sacre penne
governò ‘l mondo lì di mano in mano,
e, sì cangiando, in su la mia pervenne.
06.009

Caesar I was and am Justinian,
who, through the will of Primal Love I feel,
removed the vain and needless from the laws.

Cesare fui e son Iustiniano,
che, per voler del primo amor ch’i’ sento,
d’entro le leggi trassi il troppo e ‘l vano.
06.012

Before I grew attentive to this labor,
I held that but one nature-and no more-
was Christ’s-and in that faith, I was content;

E prima ch’io a l’ovra fossi attento,
una natura in Cristo esser, non piùe,
credea, e di tal fede era contento;
06.015

but then the blessed Agapetus, he
who was chief shepherd, with his words turned me
to that faith which has truth and purity.

ma ‘l benedetto Agapito, che fue
sommo pastore, a la fede sincera
mi dirizzò con le parole sue.
06.018

I did believe him, and now clearly see
his faith, as you with contradictories
can see that one is true and one is false.

Io li credetti; e ciò che ‘n sua fede era,
vegg’io or chiaro sì, come tu vedi
ogni contradizione e falsa e vera.
06.021

As soon as my steps shared the Church’s path,
God, of His grace, inspired my high task
as pleased Him. I was fully drawn to that.

Tosto che con la Chiesa mossi i piedi,
a Dio per grazia piacque di spirarmi
l’alto lavoro, e tutto ‘n lui mi diedi;
06.024

Entrusting to my Belisarius
my arms, I found a sign for me to rest
from war: Heaven’s right hand so favored him.

e al mio Belisar commendai l’armi,
cui la destra del ciel fu sì congiunta,
che segno fu ch’i’ dovessi posarmi.
06.027

My answer to the question you first asked
ends here, and yet the nature of this answer
leads me to add a sequel, so that you

Or qui a la question prima s’appunta
la mia risposta; ma sua condizione
mi stringe a seguitare alcuna giunta,
06.030

may see with how much reason they attack
the sacred standard-those who seem to act
on its behalf and those opposing it.

perché tu veggi con quanta ragione
si move contr’al sacrosanto segno
e chi ‘l s’appropria e chi a lui s’oppone.
06.033

See what great virtue made that Eagle worthy
of reverence, beginning from that hour
when Pallas died that it might gain a kingdom.

Vedi quanta virtù l’ha fatto degno
di reverenza; e cominciò da l’ora
che Pallante morì per darli regno.
06.036

You know that for three hundred years and more,
it lived in Alba, until, at the end,
three still fought three, contending for that standard.

Tu sai ch’el fece in Alba sua dimora
per trecento anni e oltre, infino al fine
che i tre a’ tre pugnar per lui ancora.
06.039

You know how, under seven kings, it conquered
its neighbors-in the era reaching from
wronged Sabine women to Lucrece’s grief-

E sai ch’el fé dal mal de le Sabine
al dolor di Lucrezia in sette regi,
vincendo intorno le genti vicine.
06.042

and what it did when carried by courageous
Romans, who hurried to encounter Brennus,
Pyrrhus, and other principates and cities.

Sai quel ch’el fé portato da li egregi
Romani incontro a Brenno, incontro a Pirro,
incontro a li altri principi e collegi;
06.045

Through this, Torquatus, Quinctius (who is named
for his disheveled hair), the Decii,
and Fabii gained the fame I gladly honor.

onde Torquato e Quinzio, che dal cirro
negletto fu nomato, i Deci e ‘ Fabi
ebber la fama che volontier mirro.
06.048

That standard brought the pride of Arabs low
when they had followed Hannibal across
those Alpine rocks from which, Po, you descend.

Esso atterrò l’orgoglio de li Aràbi
che di retro ad Annibale passaro
l’alpestre rocce, Po, di che tu labi.
06.051

Beneath that standard, Scipio, Pompey-
though young-triumphed; and to that hill beneath
which you were born, that standard seemed most harsh.

Sott’esso giovanetti triunfaro
Scipione e Pompeo; e a quel colle
sotto ‘l qual tu nascesti parve amaro.
06.054

Then, near the time when Heaven wished to bring
all of the world to Heaven’s way-serene-
Caesar, as Rome had willed, took up that standard.

Poi, presso al tempo che tutto ‘l ciel volle
redur lo mondo a suo modo sereno,
Cesare per voler di Roma il tolle.
06.057

And what it did from Var to Rhine was seen
by the Isere, Saone, and Seine and all
the valley-floors whose rivers feed the Rhone.

E quel che fé da Varo infino a Reno,
Isara vide ed Era e vide Senna
e ogne valle onde Rodano è pieno.
06.060

And what it did, once it had left Ravenna
and leaped the Rubicon, was such a flight
as neither tongue nor writing can describe.

Quel che fé poi ch’elli uscì di Ravenna
e saltò Rubicon, fu di tal volo,
che nol seguiteria lingua né penna.
06.063

That standard led the legions on to Spain,
then toward Durazzo, and it struck Pharsalia
so hard that the warm Nile could feel that hurt.

Inver’ la Spagna rivolse lo stuolo,
poi ver’ Durazzo, e Farsalia percosse
sì ch’al Nil caldo si sentì del duolo.
06.066

It saw again its source, Antandros and
Simois, and the place where Hector lies;
then roused itself-the worse for Ptolemy.

Antandro e Simeonta, onde si mosse,
rivide e là dov’Ettore si cuba;
e mal per Tolomeo poscia si scosse.
06.069

From Egypt, lightning-like, it fell on Juba;
and then it hurried to the west of you,
where it could hear the trumpet of Pompey.

Da indi scese folgorando a Iuba;
onde si volse nel vostro occidente,
ove sentia la pompeana tuba.
06.072

Because of what that standard did, with him
who bore it next, Brutus and Cassius howl
in Hell, and grief seized Modena, Perugia.

Di quel che fé col baiulo seguente,
Bruto con Cassio ne l’inferno latra,
e Modena e Perugia fu dolente.
06.075

Because of it, sad Cleopatra weeps
still; as she fled that standard, from the asp
she drew a sudden and atrocious death.

Piangene ancor la trista Cleopatra,
che, fuggendoli innanzi, dal colubro
la morte prese subitana e atra.
06.078

And, with that very bearer, it then reached
the Red Sea shore: with him, that emblem brought
the world such peace that Janus’ shrine was shut.

Con costui corse infino al lito rubro;
con costui puose il mondo in tanta pace,
che fu serrato a Giano il suo delubro.
06.081

But what the standard that has made me speak
had done before or then was yet to do
throughout the mortal realm where it holds rule,

Ma ciò che ‘l segno che parlar mi face
fatto avea prima e poi era fatturo
per lo regno mortal ch’a lui soggiace,
06.084

comes to seem faint and insignificant
if one, with clear sight and pure sentiment,
sees what it did in the third Caesar’s hand;

diventa in apparenza poco e scuro,
se in mano al terzo Cesare si mira
con occhio chiaro e con affetto puro;
06.087

for the true Justice that inspires me
granted to it-in that next Caesar’s hand-
the glory of avenging His own wrath.

ché la viva giustizia che mi spira,
li concedette, in mano a quel ch’i’ dico,
gloria di far vendetta a la sua ira.
06.090

Now marvel here at what I show to you:
with Titus-afterward-it hurried toward
avenging vengeance for the ancient sin.

Or qui t’ammira in ciò ch’io ti replìco:
poscia con Tito a far vendetta corse
de la vendetta del peccato antico.
06.093

And when the Lombard tooth bit Holy Church,
then Charlemagne, under the Eagle’s wings,
through victories he gained, brought help to her.

E quando il dente longobardo morse
la Santa Chiesa, sotto le sue ali
Carlo Magno, vincendo, la soccorse.
06.096

Now you can judge those I condemned above,
and judge how such men have offended, have
become the origin of all your evils.

Omai puoi giudicar di quei cotali
ch’io accusai di sopra e di lor falli,
che son cagion di tutti vostri mali.
06.099

For some oppose the universal emblem
with yellow lilies; others claim that emblem
for party: it is hard to see who is worse.

L’uno al pubblico segno i gigli gialli
oppone, e l’altro appropria quello a parte,
sì ch’è forte a veder chi più si falli.
06.102

Let Ghibellines pursue their undertakings
beneath another sign, for those who sever
this sign and justice are bad followers.

Faccian li Ghibellin, faccian lor arte
sott’altro segno; ché mal segue quello
sempre chi la giustizia e lui diparte;
06.105

And let not this new Charles strike at it with
his Guelphs-but let him fear the claws that stripped
a more courageous lion of its hide.

e non l’abbatta esto Carlo novello
coi Guelfi suoi, ma tema de li artigli
ch’a più alto leon trasser lo vello.
06.108

The sons have often wept for a father’s fault;
and let this son not think that God will change
the emblem of His force for Charles’s lilies.

Molte fiate già pianser li figli
per la colpa del padre, e non si creda
che Dio trasmuti l’arme per suoi gigli!
06.111

This little planet is adorned with spirits
whose acts were righteous, but who acted for
the honor and the fame that they would gain:

Questa picciola stella si correda
di buoni spirti che son stati attivi
perché onore e fama li succeda:
06.114

and when desires tend toward earthly ends,
then, so deflected, rays of the true love
mount toward the life above with lesser force.

e quando li disiri poggian quivi,
sì disviando, pur convien che i raggi
del vero amore in sù poggin men vivi.
06.117

But part of our delight is measuring
rewards against our merit, and we see
that our rewards are neither less nor more.

Ma nel commensurar d’i nostri gaggi
col merto è parte di nostra letizia,
perché non li vedem minor né maggi.
06.120

Thus does the Living Justice make so sweet
the sentiments in us, that we are free
of any turning toward iniquity.

Quindi addolcisce la viva giustizia
in noi l’affetto sì, che non si puote
torcer già mai ad alcuna nequizia.
06.123

Differing voices join to sound sweet music;
so do the different orders in our life
render sweet harmony among these spheres.

Diverse voci fanno dolci note;
così diversi scanni in nostra vita
rendon dolce armonia tra queste rote.
06.126

And in this very pearl there also shines
the light of Romeo, of one whose acts,
though great and noble, met ungratefulness.

E dentro a la presente margarita
luce la luce di Romeo, di cui
fu l’ovra grande e bella mal gradita.
06.129

And yet those Provencals who schemed against him
had little chance to laugh, for he who finds
harm to himself in others’ righteous acts

Ma i Provenzai che fecer contra lui
non hanno riso; e però mal cammina
qual si fa danno del ben fare altrui.
06.132

takes the wrong path. Of Raymond Berenger’s
four daughters, each became a queen-and this,
poor and a stranger, Romeo accomplished.

Quattro figlie ebbe, e ciascuna reina,
Ramondo Beringhiere, e ciò li fece
Romeo, persona umìle e peregrina.
06.135

Then Berenger was moved by vicious tongues
to ask this just man for accounting-one
who, given ten, gave Raymond five and seven.

E poi il mosser le parole biece
a dimandar ragione a questo giusto,
che li assegnò sette e cinque per diece,
06.138

And Romeo, the poor, the old, departed;
and were the world to know the heart he had
while begging, crust by crust, for his life-bread,

indi partissi povero e vetusto;
e se ‘l mondo sapesse il cor ch’elli ebbe
mendicando sua vita a frusto a frusto,
06.141

it-though it praise him now-would praise him more.”

assai lo loda, e più lo loderebbe». 06.142

CANTO_7

 

 

 

CANTO 7
(Redemption, Direct and Indirect Creation)

 

 

 

 

 

In significant connection with the Empire comes the treatment of the Redemption, the chief theological discourse in the Paradiso. Justinian and the other spirits vanish with hymns of triumph. Dante would fain ask a question, but when he raises his head to speak, he is overcome by awe, and bends it down again. Beatrice reads his thoughts, and bids him give good heed to her discourse. After man's fall, the Word of God united to himself in his own person the once pure now contaminated human nature. That human nature bore on the cross the just penalty of its sin, but that divine Person suffered by the same act the supremest outrage. At the act of justice God re­joiced and heaven opened. At the outrage the Jews exulted and the earth trembled; and vengeance fell upon Jerusalem. But why this method of redemption? Only those who love can understand the answer. God's love ungrudgingly reveals itself, and whatever it creates without intermediary is immortal, free, and god-like. Such was man till made unlike God by sin, and so disfranchised only to be reinstated by a free pardon, or by full atonement. But man cannot humble himself below what he is entitled to, as much as he had striven to exalt himself above it; and therefore he cannot make atonement. So God must reinstate man; and since "all the ways of the Lord are mercy and truth," God proceedeth both by the way of mercy, and by the way of truth or justice, since by the incarnation man was made capable of reinstating himself.  Beatrice further ex­plains that the elements and their compounds are made not direct by God, but by angels, who also draw the life of animal and plant out of compound matter that has the potentiality of such life in it; whereas first matter, the angels, and the heavens are direct creations of God; and so were the bodies of Adam and Eve, which were therefore im­mortal, save for sin; as are therefore the bodies of the redeemed who are restored to all the privileges of unfallen man.

 

 

HOSANNA, sanctus Deus sabaoth,
superillustrans claritate tua
felices ignes horum malacoth
!”

«Osanna, sanctus Deus sabaòth,
superillustrans claritate tua
felices ignes horum malacòth
».
07.003

Thus, even as he wheeled to his own music,
I saw that substance sing, that spirit-flame
above whom double lights were twinned; and he

Così, volgendosi a la nota sua,
fu viso a me cantare essa sustanza,
sopra la qual doppio lume s’addua:
07.006

and his companions moved within their dance,
and as if they were swiftest sparks, they sped
out of my sight because of sudden distance.

ed essa e l’altre mossero a sua danza,
e quasi velocissime faville,
mi si velar di sùbita distanza.
07.009

I was perplexed, and to myself, I said:
“Tell her! Tell her! Tell her, the lady who
can slake my thirst with her sweet drops”; and yet

Io dubitava e dicea ‘Dille, dille!’
fra me, ‘dille’, dicea, ‘a la mia donna
che mi diseta con le dolci stille’.
07.012

the reverence that possesses all of me,
even on hearing only Be and ice,
had bowed my head-I seemed a man asleep.

Ma quella reverenza che s’indonna
di tutto me, pur per Be e per ice,
mi richinava come l’uom ch’assonna.
07.015

But Beatrice soon ended that; for she
began to smile at me so brightly that,
even in fire, a man would still feel glad.

Poco sofferse me cotal Beatrice
e cominciò, raggiandomi d’un riso
tal, che nel foco faria l’uom felice:
07.018

“According to my never-erring judgment,
the question that perplexes you is how
just vengeance can deserve just punishment;

«Secondo mio infallibile avviso,
come giusta vendetta giustamente
punita fosse, t’ha in pensier miso;
07.021

but I shall quickly free your mind from doubt;
and listen carefully; the words I speak
will bring the gift of a great truth in reach.

ma io ti solverò tosto la mente;
e tu ascolta, ché le mie parole
di gran sentenza ti faran presente.
07.024

Since he could not endure the helpful curb
on his willpower, the man who was not born,
damning himself, damned all his progeny.

Per non soffrire a la virtù che vole
freno a suo prode, quell’uom che non nacque,
dannando sé, dannò tutta sua prole;
07.027

For this, mankind lay sick, in the abyss
of a great error, for long centuries,
until the Word of God willed to descend

onde l’umana specie inferma giacque
giù per secoli molti in grande errore,
fin ch’al Verbo di Dio discender piacque
07.030

to where the nature that was sundered from
its Maker was united to His person
by the sole act of His eternal Love.

u’ la natura, che dal suo fattore
s’era allungata, unì a sé in persona
con l’atto sol del suo etterno amore.
07.033

Now set your sight on what derives from that.
This nature, thus united to its Maker,
was good and pure, even as when created;

Or drizza il viso a quel ch’or si ragiona:
questa natura al suo fattore unita,
qual fu creata, fu sincera e buona;
07.036

but in itself, this nature had been banished
from paradise, because it turned aside
from its own path, from truth, from its own life.

ma per sé stessa pur fu ella sbandita
di paradiso, però che si torse
da via di verità e da sua vita.
07.039

Thus, if the penalty the Cross inflicted
is measured by the nature He assumed,
no one has ever been so justly stung;

La pena dunque che la croce porse
s’a la natura assunta si misura,
nulla già mai sì giustamente morse;
07.042

yet none was ever done so great a wrong,
if we regard the Person made to suffer,
He who had gathered in Himself that nature.

e così nulla fu di tanta ingiura,
guardando a la persona che sofferse,
in che era contratta tal natura.
07.045

Thus, from one action, issued differing things:
God and the Jews were pleased by one same death;
earth trembled for that death and Heaven opened.

Però d’un atto uscir cose diverse:
ch’a Dio e a’ Giudei piacque una morte;
per lei tremò la terra e ‘l ciel s’aperse.
07.048

You need no longer find it difficult
to understand when it is said that just
vengeance was then avenged by a just court.

Non ti dee oramai parer più forte,
quando si dice che giusta vendetta
poscia vengiata fu da giusta corte.
07.051

But I now see your understanding tangled
by thought on thought into a knot, from which,
with much desire, your mind awaits release.

Ma io veggi’ or la tua mente ristretta
di pensiero in pensier dentro ad un nodo,
del qual con gran disio solver s’aspetta.
07.054

You say: ‘What I have heard is clear to me;
but this is hidden from me-why God willed
precisely this pathway for our redemption.’

Tu dici: “Ben discerno ciò ch’i’ odo;
ma perché Dio volesse, m’è occulto,
a nostra redenzion pur questo modo”.
07.057

Brother, this ordinance is buried from
the eyes of everyone whose intellect
has not matured within the flame of love.

Questo decreto, frate, sta sepulto
a li occhi di ciascuno il cui ingegno
ne la fiamma d’amor non è adulto.
07.060

Nevertheless, since there is much attempting
to find this point, but little understanding,
I shall tell why that way was the most fitting.

Veramente, però ch’a questo segno
molto si mira e poco si discerne,
dirò perché tal modo fu più degno.
07.063

The Godly Goodness that has banished every
envy from Its own Self, burns in Itself;
and sparkling so, It shows eternal beauties.

La divina bontà, che da sé sperne
ogne livore, ardendo in sé, sfavilla
sì che dispiega le bellezze etterne.
07.066

All that derives directly from this Goodness
is everlasting, since the seal of Goodness
impresses an imprint that never alters.

Ciò che da lei sanza mezzo distilla
non ha poi fine, perché non si move
la sua imprenta quand’ella sigilla.
07.069

Whatever rains from It immediately
is fully free, for it is not constrained
by any influence of other things.

Ciò che da essa sanza mezzo piove
libero è tutto, perché non soggiace
a la virtute de le cose nove.
07.072

Even as it conforms to that Goodness,
so does it please It more; the Sacred Ardor
that gleams in all things is most bright within

Più l’è conforme, e però più le piace;
ché l’ardor santo ch’ogne cosa raggia,
ne la più somigliante è più vivace.
07.075

those things most like Itself. The human being
has all these gifts, but if it loses one,
then its nobility has been undone.

Di tutte queste dote s’avvantaggia
l’umana creatura; e s’una manca,
di sua nobilità convien che caggia.
07.078

Only man’s sin annuls man’s liberty,
makes him unlike the Highest Good, so that,
in him, the brightness of Its light is dimmed;

Solo il peccato è quel che la disfranca
e falla dissìmile al sommo bene,
per che del lume suo poco s’imbianca;
07.081

and man cannot regain his dignity
unless, where sin left emptiness, man fills
that void with just amends for evil pleasure.

e in sua dignità mai non rivene,
se non riempie, dove colpa vòta,
contra mal dilettar con giuste pene.
07.084

For when your nature sinned so totally
within its seed, then, from these dignities,
just as from Paradise, that nature parted;

Vostra natura, quando peccò tota
nel seme suo, da queste dignitadi,
come di paradiso, fu remota;
07.087

and they could never be regained-if you
consider carefully-by any way
that did not pass across one of these fords:

né ricovrar potiensi, se tu badi
ben sottilmente, per alcuna via,
sanza passar per un di questi guadi:
07.090

either through nothing other than His mercy,
God had to pardon man, or of himself
man had to proffer payment for his folly.

o che Dio solo per sua cortesia
dimesso avesse, o che l’uom per sé isso
avesse sodisfatto a sua follia.
07.093

Now fix your eyes on the profundity
of the Eternal Counsel; heed as closely
as you are able to, my reasoning.

Ficca mo l’occhio per entro l’abisso
de l’etterno consiglio, quanto puoi
al mio parlar distrettamente fisso.
07.096

Man, in his limits, could not recompense;
for no obedience, no humility,
he offered later could have been so deep

Non potea l’uomo ne’ termini suoi
mai sodisfar, per non potere ir giuso
con umiltate obediendo poi,
07.099

that it could match the heights he meant to reach
through disobedience; man lacked the power
to offer satisfaction by himself.

quanto disobediendo intese ir suso;
e questa è la cagion per che l’uom fue
da poter sodisfar per sé dischiuso.
07.102

Thus there was need for God, through His own ways,
to bring man back to life intact-I mean
by one way or by both. But since a deed

Dunque a Dio convenia con le vie sue
riparar l’omo a sua intera vita,
dico con l’una, o ver con amendue.
07.105

pleases its doer more, the more it shows
the goodness of the heart from which it springs,
the Godly Goodness that imprints the world

Ma perché l’ovra tanto è più gradita
da l’operante, quanto più appresenta
de la bontà del core ond’ell’è uscita,
07.108

was happy to proceed through both Its ways
to raise you up again. Nor has there been,
nor will there be, between the final night

la divina bontà che ‘l mondo imprenta,
di proceder per tutte le sue vie,
a rilevarvi suso, fu contenta.
07.111

and the first day, a chain of actions so
lofty and so magnificent as He
enacted when He followed His two ways;

Né tra l’ultima notte e ‘l primo die
sì alto o sì magnifico processo,
o per l’una o per l’altra, fu o fie:
07.114

for God showed greater generosity
in giving His own self that man might be
able to rise, than if He simply pardoned;

ché più largo fu Dio a dar sé stesso
per far l’uom sufficiente a rilevarsi,
che s’elli avesse sol da sé dimesso;
07.117

for every other means fell short of justice,
except the way whereby the Son of God
humbled Himself when He became incarnate.

e tutti li altri modi erano scarsi
a la giustizia, se ‘l Figliuol di Dio
non fosse umiliato ad incarnarsi.
07.120

Now to give all your wishes full content,
I go back to explain one point, so that
you, too, may see it plainly, as I do.

Or per empierti bene ogni disio,
ritorno a dichiararti in alcun loco,
perché tu veggi lì così com’io.
07.123

You say: ‘I see that water, see that fire
and air and earth and all that they compose
come to corruption, and endure so briefly;

Tu dici: “Io veggio l’acqua, io veggio il foco,
l’aere e la terra e tutte lor misture
venire a corruzione, e durar poco;
07.126

and yet these, too, were things created; if
what has been said above is true, then these
things never should be subject to corruption.’

e queste cose pur furon creature;
per che, se ciò ch’è detto è stato vero,
esser dovrien da corruzion sicure”.
07.129

Brother, the angels and the pure country
where you are now-these may be said to be
created, as they are, in all their being;

Li angeli, frate, e ‘l paese sincero
nel qual tu se’, dir si posson creati,
sì come sono, in loro essere intero;
07.132

whereas the elements that you have mentioned,
as well as those things that are made from them,
receive their form from a created power.

ma li elementi che tu hai nomati
e quelle cose che di lor si fanno
da creata virtù sono informati.
07.135

The matter they contain had been created,
just as within the stars that wheel about them,
the power to give form had been created.

Creata fu la materia ch’elli hanno;
creata fu la virtù informante
in queste stelle che ‘ntorno a lor vanno.
07.138

The rays and motion of the holy lights
draw forth the soul of every animal
and plant from matter able to take form;

L’anima d’ogne bruto e de le piante
di complession potenziata tira
lo raggio e ‘l moto de le luci sante;
07.141

but your life is breathed forth immediately
by the Chief Good, who so enamors it
of His own Self that it desires Him always.

ma vostra vita sanza mezzo spira
la somma beninanza, e la innamora
di sé sì che poi sempre la disira.
07.144

So reasoning, you also can deduce
your resurrection; you need but remember
the way in which your human flesh was fashioned

E quinci puoi argomentare ancora
vostra resurrezion, se tu ripensi
come l’umana carne fessi allora
07.147

when both of the first parents were created.”

che li primi parenti intrambo fensi». 07.148

 


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