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CANTO
1 |
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[...] Dante sees Beatrice gazing at the sun and instinctively imitates her gesture, looking away from her and straight at the sun. The light glows as though God had made a second sun, and Dante now turns once more to Beatrice who is gazing heavenward. As he looks his human nature is transmuted to the quality of heaven and he knows not whether he is still in the flesh. They pass through the sphere of fire and hear the harmonies of heaven, but Dante is bewildered because he does not know they have left the earth, and when enlightened by Beatrice he is still perplexed to know how he can rise, despite gravity. Beatrice, pitying the confusion of his earthly mind, explains the law of universal (material and spiritual) gravitation. | All things seek their true place, and in the orderly movement thereto, and rest therein, consists the likeness of the universe to God. Man's place is God, and to rise to him is therefore natural to man. It is departing from him that (like fire darting downwards) is the anomaly that requires explanation. |
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THE glory
of the One who moves all things |
La gloria di colui che tutto move |
I was
within the heaven that receives |
Nel ciel che più de la sua luce prende |
not speak;
for nearing its desired end, |
perché appressando sé al suo disire, |
Nevertheless, as much as I, within |
Veramente quant’io del regno santo |
O good
Apollo, for this final task |
O buono Appollo, a l’ultimo lavoro |
Until this
point, one of Parnassus’ peaks |
Infino a qui l’un giogo di Parnaso |
Enter into
my breast; within me breathe |
Entra nel petto mio, e spira tue |
O godly
force, if you so lend yourself |
O divina virtù, se mi ti presti |
then you
would see me underneath the tree |
vedra’mi al piè del tuo diletto legno |
So seldom,
father, are those garlands gathered |
Sì rade volte, padre, se ne coglie |
that when
Peneian branches can incite |
che parturir letizia in su la lieta |
Great fire
can follow a small spark: there may |
Poca favilla gran fiamma seconda: |
The lantern
of the world approaches mortals |
Surge ai mortali per diverse foci |
joined to a
better constellation and |
con miglior corso e con migliore stella |
Its entry
from that point of the horizon |
Fatto avea di là mane e di qua sera |
was
dark-when I saw Beatrice turn round |
quando Beatrice in sul sinistro fianco |
And as a
second ray will issue from the |
E sì come secondo raggio suole |
fed by my
eyes to my imagination, |
così de l’atto suo, per li occhi infuso |
More is
permitted to our powers there |
Molto è licito là, che qui non lece |
I did not
bear it long, but not so briefly |
Io nol soffersi molto, né sì poco, |
and
suddenly it seemed that day had been |
e di sùbito parve giorno a giorno |
The eyes of
Beatrice were all intent |
Beatrice tutta ne l’etterne rote |
In watching
her, within me I was changed |
Nel suo aspetto tal dentro mi fei, |
Passing
beyond the human cannot be |
Trasumanar significar per verba |
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The Celestial Music and the Light |
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Whether I
only was the part of me |
S’i’ era sol di me quel che creasti |
When that
wheel which You make eternal through |
Quando la rota che tu sempiterni |
the fire of
the sun then seemed to me |
parvemi tanto allor del cielo acceso |
The newness
of the sound and the great light |
La novità del suono e ‘l grande lume |
And she who
read me as I read myself, |
Ond’ella, che vedea me sì com’io, |
to ask, and
she began: “You make yourself |
e cominciò: «Tu stesso ti fai grosso |
You are not
on the earth as you believe; |
Tu non se’ in terra, sì come tu credi; |
While I was
freed from my first doubt by these |
S’io fui del primo dubbio disvestito |
content
already; after such great wonder, |
e dissi: «Già contento requievi |
At which,
after a sigh of pity, she |
Ond’ella, appresso d’un pio sospiro, |
and she
began: “All things, among themselves, |
e cominciò: «Le cose tutte quante |
Here do the
higher beings see the imprint |
Qui veggion l’alte creature l’orma |
Within that
order, every nature has |
Ne l’ordine ch’io dico sono accline |
Therefore,
these natures move to different ports |
onde si muovono a diversi porti |
This
impulse carries fire to the moon; |
Questi ne porta il foco inver’ la luna; |
Not only
does the shaft shot from this bow |
né pur le creature che son fore |
The
Providence that has arrayed all this |
La provedenza, che cotanto assetta, |
to there,
as toward a destined place, we now |
e ora lì, come a sito decreto, |
Yet it is
true that, even as a shape |
Vero è che, come forma non s’accorda |
so, from
this course, the creature strays at times |
così da questo corso si diparte |
is seen to
fall, so does the first impulse, |
e sì come veder si può cadere |
not feel
more marvel at your climbing than |
Non dei più ammirar, se bene stimo, |
It would be
cause for wonder in you if, |
Maraviglia sarebbe in te se, privo |
Then she
again turned her gaze heavenward. |
Quinci rivolse inver’ lo cielo il viso. 1.142 |
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CANTO
2 |
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Warning and promise to the reader, who shall see stranger things than when Jason sowed the dragon's teeth. They reach the moon and inconceivably penetrate into her substance without cleaving it, even as deity penetrated into humanity in Christ; which mystery shall in heaven be seen as axiomatic truth. Dante, dimly aware of the inadequacy of his science, questions Beatrice as to the dark patches on the moon which he had thought were due to rarity of substance. She explains that if such rarity pierced right through the moon in the dark parts, the sun would shine through them when eclipsed; and if not, the dense matter behind the rare would cast back the sun's light; and describes to him an experiment by which he may satisfy himself that in that case the light reflected from the dense matter at the surface and from that in the interior of the moon would be equally bright. She then explains that Dante has gone wrong and accepted a scientifically inadequate explanation, | because he has not understood that all heavenly phenomena are direct utterances of God and of his Angels. The undivided power of God, differentiated through the various heavenly bodies and agencies, shines in the diverse quality and brightness of the fixed stars, of the planets and of the parts of the moon, as the vital principle manifests itself diversely in the several members of the body, and as joy beams through the pupil of the eye. |
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O YOU who
are within your little bark, |
O voi che siete in piccioletta barca, |
turn back
to see your shores again: do not |
tornate a riveder li vostri liti: |
The waves I
take were never sailed before; |
L’acqua ch’io prendo già mai non si corse; |
You other
few who turned your minds in time |
Voialtri pochi che drizzaste il collo |
you may
indeed commit your vessel to |
metter potete ben per l’alto sale |
Those men
of glory, those who crossed to Colchis, |
Que’ gloriosi che passaro al Colco |
The thirst
that is innate and everlasting- |
La concreata e perpetua sete |
Beatrice
gazed upward. I watched her. |
Beatrice in suso, e io in lei guardava; |
the bow, I
reached a place where I could see |
giunto mi vidi ove mirabil cosa |
to me (her
gladness matched her loveliness): |
volta ver’ me, sì lieta come bella, |
It seemed
to me that we were covered by |
Parev’a me che nube ne coprisse |
Into
itself, the everlasting pearl |
Per entro sé l’etterna margarita |
If I was
body (and on earth we can |
S’io era corpo, e qui non si concepe |
then should
our longing be still more inflamed |
accender ne dovrìa più il disio |
What we
hold here by faith, shall there be seen, |
Lì si vedrà ciò che tenem per fede, |
I answered:
“With the most devotion I |
Io rispuosi: «Madonna, sì devoto |
what are
the dark marks on this planet’s body |
Ma ditemi: che son li segni bui |
she said:
“If the opinion mortals hold |
Ella sorrise alquanto, e poi «S’elli erra |
struck by
the arrows of amazement once |
certo non ti dovrien punger li strali |
But tell me
what you think of it yourself.” |
Ma dimmi quel che tu da te ne pensi». |
And she:
“You certainly will see that your |
Ed ella: «Certo assai vedrai sommerso |
The eighth
sphere offers many lights to you, |
La spera ottava vi dimostra molti |
If rarity
and density alone |
Se raro e denso ciò facesser tanto, |
in equal
force. But different powers must |
Virtù diverse esser convegnon frutti |
the rest,
destroyed. And more, were rarity |
Ancor, se raro fosse di quel bruno |
and
through, or else as, in a body, lean |
esto pianeto, o, sì come comparte |
To validate
the first case, in the sun’s |
Se ‘l primo fosse, fora manifesto |
This is not
so; therefore we must consider |
Questo non è: però è da vedere |
If rarity
does not run through and through |
S’elli è che questo raro non trapassi, |
from there,
the rays of sun would be thrown back, |
e indi l’altrui raggio si rifonde |
Now you
will say that where a ray has been |
Or dirai tu ch’el si dimostra tetro |
Yet an
experiment, were you to try it, |
Da questa instanza può deliberarti |
Taking
three mirrors, place a pair of them |
Tre specchi prenderai; e i due rimovi |
Then,
turning toward them, at your back have placed |
Rivolto ad essi, fa che dopo il dosso |
Although
the image in the farthest glass |
Ben che nel quanto tanto non si stenda |
Now, just
as the sub-matter of the snow, |
Or, come ai colpi de li caldi rai |
so is your
mind left bare of error; I |
così rimaso te ne l’intelletto |
Within the
heaven of the godly peace |
Dentro dal ciel de la divina pace |
The sphere
that follows, where so much is shown, |
Lo ciel seguente, c’ha tante vedute, |
The other
spheres, in ways diverse, direct |
Li altri giron per varie differenze |
So do these
organs of the universe |
Questi organi del mondo così vanno, |
Now do
attend to how I pass by way |
Riguarda bene omai sì com’io vado |
The force
and motion of the holy spheres |
Lo moto e la virtù d’i santi giri, |
and so,
from the deep Mind that makes it wheel, |
e ‘l ciel cui tanti lumi fanno bello, |
And as the
soul within your dust is shared |
E come l’alma dentro a vostra polve |
unfold and
multiply its bounty through |
così l’intelligenza sua bontate |
With the
dear body that it quickens and |
Virtù diversa fa diversa lega |
Because of
the glad nature of its source, |
Per la natura lieta onde deriva, |
From this,
and not from matter rare or dense, |
Da essa vien ciò che da luce a luce |
conforming with its worth, the dark, the bright.” |
conforme a sua bontà, lo turbo e ‘l chiaro». 2.148 |
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CANTO
3 |
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As Dante is about to speak he sees the faint outlines of human features and taking them for reflections looks behind him but see. nothing. Beatrice smiles at his taking the most real existences he has ever yet beheld for mere semblances, tells him why they are there and bids him address them. Dante learns from Piccarda that each soul in heaven rejoices in the whole order of which it is part, and therefore desires no higher place than is assigned to it, for such desire would violate the law of love, and therefore the harmony of heaven, | and with it the joy of the unduly aspiring soul itself. He further learns Piccarda's history and that of [the Empress] Constance. After which the souls disappear and Dante's eyes return to Beatrice. |
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THAT sun
which first had warmed my breast with love |
Quel sol che pria d’amor mi scaldò ‘l petto, |
and I, in
order to declare myself |
e io, per confessar corretto e certo |
But a new
vision showed itself to me; |
ma visione apparve che ritenne |
Just as,
returning through transparent, clean |
Quali per vetri trasparenti e tersi, |
the
mirrored image of our faces meets |
tornan d’i nostri visi le postille |
so faint,
the many faces I saw keen |
tali vid’io più facce a parlar pronte; |
As soon as
I had noticed them, thinking |
Sùbito sì com’io di lor m’accorsi, |
and I saw
nothing; and I let my sight |
e nulla vidi, e ritorsili avanti |
“There is
no need to wonder if I smile,” |
«Non ti maravigliar perch’io sorrida», |
your mind
misguides you into emptiness: |
ma te rivolve, come suole, a vòto: |
Thus, speak
and listen; trust what they will say: |
Però parla con esse e odi e credi; |
Then I
turned to the shade that seemed most anxious |
E io a l’ombra che parea più vaga |
“O spirit
born to goodness, you who feel, |
«O ben creato spirito, che a’ rai |
it is
experienced, it would be gracious |
grazioso mi fia se mi contenti |
“Our
charity will never lock its gates |
«La nostra carità non serra porte |
Within the
world I was a nun, a virgin; |
I’ fui nel mondo vergine sorella; |
and you
will recognize me as Piccarda, |
ma riconoscerai ch’i’ son Piccarda, |
Our
sentiments, which only serve the flame |
Li nostri affetti, che solo infiammati |
And we are
to be found within a sphere |
E questa sorte che par giù cotanto, |
And I to
her: “Within your wonderful |
Ond’io a lei: «Ne’ mirabili aspetti |
therefore,
my recognizing you was slow; |
però non fui a rimembrar festino; |
But tell
me: though you’re happy here, do you |
Ma dimmi: voi che siete qui felici, |
Together
with her fellow shades she smiled |
Con quelle altr’ombre pria sorrise un poco; |
“Brother,
the power of love appeases our |
«Frate, la nostra volontà quieta |
Should we
desire a higher sphere than ours, |
Se disiassimo esser più superne, |
but you’ll
see no such discord in these spheres; |
che vedrai non capere in questi giri, |
The essence
of this blessed life consists |
Anzi è formale ad esto beato esse |
so that, as
we are ranged from step to step |
sì che, come noi sem di soglia in soglia |
And in His
will there is our peace: that sea |
E ‘n la sua volontade è nostra pace: |
Then it was
clear to me how every place |
Chiaro mi fu allor come ogne dove |
But just
as, when our hunger has been sated |
Ma sì com’elli avvien, s’un cibo sazia |
so was I in
my words and in my gestures, |
così fec’io con atto e con parola, |
“A perfect
life,” she said, “and her high merit |
«Perfetta vita e alto merto inciela |
nuns’ dress
and veil, so that, until their death, |
perché fino al morir si vegghi e dorma |
Still
young, I fled the world to follow her; |
Dal mondo, per seguirla, giovinetta |
Then men
more used to malice than to good |
Uomini poi, a mal più ch’a bene usi, |
This other
radiance that shows itself |
E quest’altro splendor che ti si mostra |
has
understood what I have said: she was |
ciò ch’io dico di me, di sé intende; |
But though
she had been turned back to the world |
Ma poi che pur al mondo fu rivolta |
This is the
splendor of the great Costanza, |
Quest’è la luce de la gran Costanza |
This said,
she then began to sing “Ave |
Così parlommi, e poi cominciò ‘Ave, |
My sight,
which followed her as long as it |
La vista mia, che tanto lei seguio |
and it was
wholly bent on Beatrice; |
e a Beatrice tutta si converse; |
and that
made me delay my questioning. |
e ciò mi fece a dimandar più tardo. 3.130 |
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CANTO
4 |
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Piccarda has left Dante entangled in two perplexities. Why are the nuns shorn of what had else been the full measure of their glory because they were torn against their will from the cloister? And if the inconstant moon is the abode of such as have left their vows unfulfilled, was Plato right after all in saying that men's souls come down from the planets connatural with them, and return thereto? This, latter speculation might lead to dangerous heresy, and Beatrice. hastens to explain that the souls who come to meet Dante in the several spheres all have their permanent abiding place with God and the Angels in the Empyrean. Their meeting places with Dante are but symbolical of their spiritual state. But Plato may have had in mind the divine influences that, through the agency of the planets, act upon men's dispositions and produce good or ill effects which should be credited to them rather than to the human will. And indeed it was a confused perception of these divine influences that led men into idolatry. The other difficulty is removed by a distinction between what we wish to do and what, under pressure, we consent to do; for if we consent we cannot plead violence in excuse, although we have done what we did not wish to do. | More questions are started in Dante's mind, for only in the all-embracing truth of God can the human mind find that restful possession which its nature promises it. Short of that each newly acquired truth leads on to further questions. Beatrice, who had sighed at Dante's previous bewildered questions, smiles approval now, for he asks her a question as to vows which has some spiritual import. |
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BEFORE a
man bit into one of two |
Intra due cibi, distanti e moventi |
so would a
lamb stand motionless between |
sì si starebbe un agno intra due brame |
thus, I
need neither blame nor praise myself |
per che, s’i’ mi tacea, me non riprendo, |
I did not
speak, but in my face were seen |
Io mi tacea, ma ‘l mio disir dipinto |
Then
Beatrice did just as Daniel did, |
Fé sì Beatrice qual fé Daniello, |
She said:
“I see how both desires draw you, |
e disse: «Io veggio ben come ti tira |
You reason:
‘If my will to good persists, |
Tu argomenti: “Se ‘l buon voler dura, |
And you are
also led to doubt because |
Ancor di dubitar ti dà cagione |
These are
the questions that, within your will, |
Queste son le question che nel tuo velle |
Neither the
Seraph closest unto God, |
D’i Serafin colui che più s’india, |
I say,
their place in any other heaven |
non hanno in altro cielo i loro scanni |
But all
those souls grace the Empyrean; |
ma tutti fanno bello il primo giro, |
They showed
themselves to you here not because |
Qui si mostraro, non perché sortita |
Such signs
are suited to your mind, since from |
Così parlar conviensi al vostro ingegno, |
And this is
why the Bible condescends |
Per questo la Scrittura condescende |
And Gabriel
and Michael and the angel |
e Santa Chiesa con aspetto umano |
That which
Timaeus said in reasoning |
Quel che Timeo de l’anime argomenta |
He says the
soul returns to that same star |
Dice che l’alma a la sua stella riede, |
but his
opinion is, perhaps, to be |
e forse sua sentenza è d’altra guisa |
If to these
spheres he wanted to attribute |
S’elli intende tornare a queste ruote |
This
principle, ill - understood, misled |
Questo principio, male inteso, torse |
The other
doubt that agitates you is |
L’altra dubitazion che ti commove |
To mortal
eyes our justice seems unjust; |
Parere ingiusta la nostra giustizia |
But that
your intellect may penetrate |
Ma perché puote vostro accorgimento |
If violence
means that the one who suffers |
Se violenza è quando quel che pate |
for will,
if it resists, is never spent, |
ché volontà, se non vuol, non s’ammorza, |
So that,
when will has yielded much or little, |
Per che, s’ella si piega assai o poco, |
Had their
will been as whole as that which held |
Se fosse stato lor volere intero, |
once freed,
they would have willed to find the faith |
così l’avria ripinte per la strada |
And through
these words, if you have grasped their bent, |
E per queste parole, se ricolte |
But now
another obstacle obstructs |
Ma or ti s’attraversa un altro passo |
I’ve set it
in your mind as something certain |
Io t’ho per certo ne la mente messo |
But from
Piccarda you were also able |
e poi potesti da Piccarda udire |
Before
this - brother - it has often happened |
Molte fiate già, frate, addivenne |
to meet the
wishes of his father, kill |
come Almeone, che, di ciò pregato |
At that
point - I would have you see - the force |
A questo punto voglio che tu pense |
Absolute
will does not concur in wrong; |
Voglia assoluta non consente al danno; |
Therefore,
Piccarda means the absolute |
Però, quando Piccarda quello spreme, |
Such was
the rippling of the holy stream |
Cotal fu l’ondeggiar del santo rio |
Then I
said: “O beloved of the First |
«O amanza del primo amante, o diva», |
however
deep my gratefulness, it can |
non è l’affezion mia tanto profonda, |
I now see
well: we cannot satisfy |
Io veggio ben che già mai non si sazia |
Mind,
reaching that truth, rests within it as |
Posasi in esso, come fera in lustra, |
Therefore,
our doubting blossoms like a shoot |
Nasce per quello, a guisa di rampollo, |
Lady, my
knowing why we doubt, invites, |
Questo m’invita, questo m’assicura |
I want to
know if, in your eyes, one can |
Io vo’ saper se l’uom può sodisfarvi |
Then
Beatrice looked at me with eyes so full |
Beatrice mi guardò con li occhi pieni |
and, eyes downcast, I almost lost my senses. |
e quasi mi perdei con li occhi chini. 4.142 |
Commentary based principally on the 1899 Wicksteed translation The Paradiso of Dante Alighieri
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