12. Again I believe the words of the prayer of the saints to be full of power above all when praying “with the spirit,.” they pray “also with the understanding,.” which is like a light rising from the suppliant’s mind and proceeding from his lips to gradually weaken by the power of God the mental venom injected by the adverse powers into the intellect of such as neglect prayer and fail to keep that saying of Paul’s in accordance with the exhortations of Jesus, “Pray without ceasing.” For it is as if a dart from the suppliant’s soul, sped by knowledge and reason or by faith, proceeds from the saint and wounds to their destruction and dissolution the spirits adverse to God and desirous of casting round us the bonds of sin.

12.1 Πρὸς δὲ τούτοις δυνάμεως πεπληρωμένους νομίζω τοὺς λόγους τῆς τῶν ἁγίων εὐχῆς, μάλιστα ὅτε προσευχόμενοι < πνεύματι > προσεύχονται < καὶ τῷ νοῒ, > φωτὶ ἐοικότι ἀνατέλλοντι ἀπὸ τῆς τοῦ εὐχομένου διανοίας καὶ προϊόντι ἐκ στόματος αὐτοῦ ὑπεκλύειν δυνάμει θεοῦ τὸν ἐνιέμενον νοητὸν ἰὸν ἀπὸ τῶν ἀντικειμένων δυνάμεων τῷ ἡγεμονικῷ τῶν ἀμελούντων τοῦ εὔχεσθαι καὶ τὸ < ἀδιαλείπτως προσεύχεσθε > ἀκολούθως ταῖς τοῦἸησοῦ προτροπαῖς εἰρημένον παρὰ τῷ Παύλῳ μὴ φυλαττόντων. ὡσπερεὶ γὰρ βέλος ἀπὸ τῆς τοῦ εὐχομένου ψυχῆς τῇ γνώσει καὶ τῷ λόγῳ ἢ τῇ πίστει πρόεισιν ἀπὸ τοῦ ἁγίου, τιτρῶσκον ἐπὶ καθαιρέσει καὶ καταλύσει τὰ ἐχθρὰ τῷ θεῷ πνεύματα, τοῖς τῆς ἁμαρτίας δεσμοῖς περιβαλεῖν ἡμᾶς θέλοντα.

Now, since the performance of actions enjoined by virtue or by the commandments is also a constituent part of prayer, he prays without ceasing who combines prayer with right actions, and becoming actions with prayer. For the saying “pray without ceasing” can only be accepted by us as a possibility if we may speak of the whole life of a saint as one great continuous prayer.

12.2 < ἀδιαλείπτως > δὲ προσεύχεται, καὶ τῶν ἔργων τῆς ἀρετῆς ἢ τῶν ἐντολῶν τῶν ἐπιτελουμένων εἰς εὐχῆς ἀναλαμβανομένων μέρος, ὁ συνάπτων τοῖς δέουσιν ἔργοις τὴν εὐχὴν καὶ τῇ εὐχῇ τὰς πρεπούσας πράξεις. οὕτω γὰρ μόνως τὸ < ἀδιαλείπτως προσεύχεσθε > ἐκδέξασθαι δυνάμεθα ὡς δυνατὸν ὂν εἰρημένον, εἰ πάντα τὸν βίον τοῦ ἁγίου μίαν συναπτομένην μεγάλην εἴποιμεν εὐχήν·

Of such prayer what is usually termed prayer is indeed a part, and ought to be performed at least three times each day, as is plain from the account of Daniel who, in spite of the grave danger that impended, prayed three times daily. Peter furnishes an instance of the middle prayer of the three when he goes up to the housetop about the sixth hour to pray on that occasion on which he also saw the vessel which descended from heaven let down by four corners. The first is spoken of by David: “In the morning shall you hear my prayer: in the morning will I present myself to you and keep watch.”

ἧς εὐχῆς μέρος ἐστὶ καὶ ἡ συνήθως ὀνομαζομένη εὐχὴ, οὐκ ἔλαττον τοῦ τρὶς ἑκάστης ἡμέρας ἐπιτελεῖσθαι ὀφείλουσα· ὅπερ δῆλόν ἐστιν ἐκ τῶν κατὰ τὸν Δανιὴλ, τηλικούτου ἐπηρτημένου αὐτῷ κινδύνου εὐχόμενον τρὶς τῆς ἡμέρας. καὶ ὁ Πέτρος δὲ ἀναβαίνων εἰς < τὸ δῶμα > < < περὶ > > τὴν < ἕκτην > < προσεύξασθαι, > ὅτε καὶ ἑώρα τὸ ἐξ οὐρανοῦ < καθιέμενον > < σκεῦος > < τέτρασιν ἀρχαῖς καθιέμενον, > παρίστησι τὴν μέσην τῶν τριῶν εὐχὴν, τὴν πρὸ αὐτοῦ καὶ παρὰ τοῦ Δαυῒδ λεγομένην· < τὸ πρωῒ εἰσακούσῃ τῆς προσευχῆς μου, τὸ πρωῒ παραστήσομαί σοι καὶ ἐπόψομαι > ·

The last is indicated in the words: “the lifting up of my hands in evening sacrifice.” Indeed we shall not rightly speak even the season of night without such prayer as David refers to when he says “at midnight I arose to make acknowledgment to you for your righteous judgments” and as Paul exemplifies when, as it is said in the Acts of the Apostles, along with Silas he offers prayer and praise to God “about midnight” in Phillipi so that the prisoners also heard them.

καὶ τῆς τελευταίας δηλουμένης διὰ τοῦ· < ἔπαρσις τῶν χειρῶν μου θυσία ἑσπερινή. > ἀλλ' οὐδὲ τὸν τῆς νυκτὸς καιρὸν χωρὶς ταύτης τῆς εὐχῆς καθηκόντως διανύσομεν, τοῦ μὲν Δαυῒδ λέγοντος· < μεσονύκτιον ἐξεγειρόμην τοῦ ἐξομολογεῖσθαί σοι ἐπὶ τὰ κρίματα τῆς δικαιοσύνης σου, > τοῦ δὲ Παύλου, ὡς ἐν ταῖς Πράξεσι τῶν ἀποστόλων εἴρηται, < κατὰ τὸ μεσονύκτιον > ἅμα τῷ Σίλᾳ ἐν Φιλίπποις προσευχομένου καὶ ὑμνοῦντος τὸν θεὸν, ὥστε ἐπακροᾶσθαι < αὐτῶν > καὶ τοὺς δεσμίους.

13. If Jesus prays and does not pray in vain, if He obtains His requests through prayer and it may be would not have received them without prayer, who of us is to neglect prayer? Mark tells us that “in the morning long before daybreak he arose and went out and departed to a lonely place and there prayed.” Luke says: “And it came to pass, as He was at prayer in a certain place, that one of His disciples said to Him when He ceased, . . . and elsewhere: And He passed the night in prayer to God.” John records a prayer of Him in the words:

13.1 Εἰ δὲἸησοῦς προσεύχεται καὶ μὴ μάτην προσεύχεται, τυγχάνων ὧν αἰτεῖ διὰ τοῦ εὔχεσθαι, τάχα οὐκ ἂν αὐτὰ εἰληφὼς χωρὶς εὐχῆς, τίς ἡμῶν ἀμελῇ τοῦ εὔχεσθαι; Μάρκος μὲν γάρ φησιν ὅτι < πρωῒ ἔννυχον λίαν ἀναστὰς ἐξῆλθε καὶ ἀπῆλθεν εἰς ἔρημον τόπον, κἀκεῖ προσηύχετο, > ὁ δὲ Λουκᾶς· < καὶ ἐγένετο ἐν τῷ εἶναι αὐτὸν ἐν τόπῳ τινὶ προσευχόμενον, ὡς ἐπαύσατο, εἶπέ τις τῶν μαθητῶν αὐτοῦ πρὸς αὐτὸν > καὶ ἐν ἄλλοις· < καὶ ἦν διανυκτερεύων ἐν τῇ προσευχῇ τοῦ θεοῦ > · ὁ δὲἸωάννης εὐχὴν αὐτοῦ ἀναγράφει λέγων·

“These things spoke Jesus, and lifting up His eyes unto heaven He said, ‘Father the hour is come; glorify your Son that your Son may also glorify you.’” And the Lord’s saying, “I knew that you hear me always,.” recorded in the same writer shows that it is because He is always praying that He is always heard.

< ταῦτα ἐλάλησεν ὁἸησοῦς, καὶ ἐπάρας τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς αὑτοῦ εἰς τὸν οὐρανὸν εἶπε· πάτερ, ἐλήλυθεν ἡ ὥρα· δόξασόν σου τὸν υἱὸν, ἵνα καὶ ὁ υἱός σου δοξάσῃ σε > · καὶ τὸ < ᾔδειν > δὲ < ὅτι πάντοτέ μου ἀκούεις > παρὰ τῷ αὐτῷ ἀναγεγραμμένον ὑπὸ τοῦ κυρίου εἰρημένον δηλοῖ ὅτι < πάντοτε > εὐχόμενος < πάντοτε > ἐπακούεται.

What need is there to tell the tale of those who, through right prayer, have obtained the greatest of things from God, when it is open to everyone to select any number of them for himself from the Scriptures? Hannah did service to the birth of Samuel, who is numbered along with Moses, because though barren she prayed in faith unto the Lord. Hezekiah, who while still childless learned from Isaiah that he was about to die, is included in the Savior’s genealogy because he prayed. When the people were already on the point of perishing under a single decree as the result of Haman’s conspiracy, it was the heard prayer with fasting of Mordecai and Esther that added to the Mosaic festivals and gave rise to the Mordecaic day of rejoicing for the people.

13.2 τί δὲ δεῖ καταλέγειν τοὺς διὰ τοῦ ὃν δεῖ τρόπον προσεύξασθαι μεγίστων ἐπιτετευχότας ἀπὸ θεοῦ, παρὸν ἑκάστῳ ἑαυτῷ ἀπὸ τῶν γραφῶν ἀναλέξασθαι πλείονα;Ἄννα γὰρ ὑπηρέτησε τῇ γενέσει Σαμουὴλ, τῷ Μωϋσεῖ συναριθμηθέντος, ἐπεὶ μὴ τίκτουσα πιστεύσασα προσηύξατο πρὸς κύριον·Ἐζεκίας δὲ ἔτι ἄπαις τυγχάνων, μαθὼν ἀπὸ τοῦἩσαΐου τεθνήξεσθαι, προσευξάμενος εἰς τὴν τοῦ σωτῆρος γενεαλογίαν ἀνείληπται· ἤδη δὲ ὑφ' ἓν πρόσταγμα ἐξ ἐπιβουλῆς τοῦἈμὰν ἀπόλλυσθαι μέλλοντος τοῦ λαοῦ, προσευχὴ μετὰ νηστείας Μαρδοχαίου καὶἘσθὴρ ἐπακουσθεῖσα πρὸς ταῖς κατὰ Μωϋσέα ἑορταῖς τὴν Μαρδοχαϊκὴν ἐγέννησεν εὐφροσύνης τῷ λαῷ ἡμέραν·

It was, moreover, after offering holy prayer that Judith with God’s help overcame Holophernes, and thus a single woman of the Hebrews wrought shame upon the house of Nebuchadnezzar. It was on being heard that Ananiah and Azariah and Mishael became worthy to receive a hissing rain and wind which kept the flame of the fire from taking effect. Through Daniel’s prayers the lions in the Babylonians’ pit were muzzled.

ἀλλὰ καὶ Ἰουδὴθ ἁγίαν ἀνενεγκοῦσα προσευχὴν τοῦ Ὀλοφέρνου μετὰ θεοῦ περιγίνεται καὶ μία γυνὴ τῶνἙβραίων αἰσχύνην ἐποίησε τῷ οἴκῳ τοῦ Ναβουχοδονόσορ· <Ἀνανίας > δὲ < καὶἈζαρίας καὶ Μισαὴλ > < πνεῦμα δρόσου διασυρίζον, > οὐκ ἐῶν ἐνεργεῖν τὴν φλόγα τοῦ πυρὸς, ἄξιοι γεγόνασιν ἐπακουσθέντες λαβεῖν· οἱ δὲ ἐν τῷ λάκκῳ Βαβυλωνίων λέοντες φιμοῦνται διὰ τὰς τοῦ Δανιὴλ προσευχάς·

Even Jonah, because he did not despair of being heard from the belly of the monster that had swallowed him, was able to quit the monster’s belly and complete his interrupted prophet’s mission to the Ninevites.

καὶ Ἰωνᾶς δὲ, οὐκ ἀπογνοὺς τὸ ἐπακουσθήσεσθαι ἐκ κοιλίας τοῦ καταπιόντος αὐτὸν κήτους, τὸ ἐλλιπὲς τῆς πρὸς τοὺς Νινευΐτας προφητείας ἐξελθὼν τὴν τοῦ κήτους γαστέρα ἀναπληροῖ.

And further, how many things could each of us recount should he choose to recall with gratitude the benefits conferred upon him and to offer praise to God for them! Souls that have long been barren but have become conscious of their intellects’ sterility and the barrenness of their mind, through persevering prayer have conceived of the Holy Spirit and given birth to thoughts and words of salvation full of contemplated truth.

13.3 ὅσα δὲ καὶ ἕκαστος ἡμῶν, ἐὰν εὐχαρίστως μεμνημένος τῶν εἰς αὑτὸν εὐεργεσιῶν περὶ τούτων αἴνους ἀναπέμπειν τῷ θεῷ βούληται, ἔχει ἐκδιηγήσασθαι; ἄγονοί τε γὰρ ἐπὶ πολὺ γεγενημέναι ψυχαὶ, ᾐσθημέναι τῆς στειρώσεως τῶν ἰδίων ἡγεμονικῶν καὶ τῆς ἀγονίας τοῦ νοῦ ἑαυτῶν, ἀπὸ τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος διὰ ἐπιμόνου εὐχῆς κυήσασαι σωτηρίους λόγους. θεωρημάτων ἀληθείας πεπληρωμένους, γεγεννήκασιν.

How many of our foes have been dispersed, when often countless thousands in the adverse host were wearing us down with intent to sweep us away from the divine faith, and we rejoiced, when their appeal was to chariots and horses but ours to the name of the Lord, to see that in truth deceptive is a horse for safety! Many a time indeed does he whose trust is in praise to God—for Judith means praise—cut his way through guileful and persuasive speech, that chief commander of the adversary who brings numbers even of reputed believers to their knees.

ὅσοι δὲ, ἡμῶν πολλάκις μυριάδων ἀντικειμένης δυνάμεως καταστρατευομένων καὶ ἐξαφανίσαι ἀπὸ τῆς θείας ἡμᾶς πίστεως βουλομένων, πολέμιοι διελύθησαν; θαῤῥησάντων ἡμῶν ὅτι < οὗτοι ἐν ἅρμασιν > < οὗτοι > δὲ < ἐν ἵπποις > ἀλλὰ < ἡμεῖς ἐν ὀνόματι κυρίου > ἐπικαλούμενοι ὁρῶμεν ὅτι ἀληθῶς < ψευδὴς ἵππος εἰς σωτηρίαν. > ἀλλὰ καὶ τὸν ἀρχιστρατηγὸν τοῦ ἀντικειμένου ἀπατηλὸν καὶ πιθανὸν λόγον, καταπτήσσειν ποιοῦντα πολλοὺς καὶ τῶν πεπιστευκέναι νομιζομένων, ὁ τῷ πρὸς θεὸν αἴνῳ πεποιθὼς διακόπτει πολλάκις· Ἰουδὴθ γὰρ ἑρμηνεύεται αἴνεσις.

What need is there to go on to tell of all who many a time have fallen among temptations hard to overcome, whose burn was sharper than any flame, and have suffered naught under them but emerged from them in every way unscathed, without so much of scathe as the slightest odor of the hostile fire; or again of all the brutes exasperated against us, in the form of wicked spirits or cruel men, that we have encountered and often muzzled by our prayers, so that they were impotent to fasten their fangs in our members which had become those of Christ. Often in each saint’s experience has the Lord dashed together the teeth of lions, and they were brought to nothing, as water flowing by.

ὅσοι τε πάσης φλογὸς καυστικωτέροις περιπεσόντες δυσπεριγενήτοις πολλάκις πειρασμοῖς οὐδὲν ὑπ' αὐτῶν πεπόνθασιν ἀλλὰ πάντῃ ἀβλαβεῖς τούτους διεξεληλύθασιν, οὐδὲ τὸ τυχὸν ὀσμῆς < τοῦ > πολεμίου < πυρὸς > βλάβην ἐσχηκότες, τί δεῖ καὶ λέγειν; ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐν ὅσοις θηρίοις, καθ' ἡμῶν ἐξηγριωμένοις, πονηροῖς πνεύμασι καὶ ἀνθρώποις ὠμοῖς παρατυχόντες ταῖς εὐχαῖς αὐτοὺς πολλάκις ἐφίμωσαν, οὐ δεδυνημένων ἐγχρίψαι τοὺς ὀδόντας αὐτῶν τοῖς γεγενημένοις ἡμῶν μέλεσι τοῦ Χριστοῦ; πολλάκις γὰρ καθ' ἕκαστον τῶν ἁγίων < τὰς μύλας τῶν λεόντων συνέθλασε κύριος, > καὶ ἐξουδενώθησαν < ὡς ὕδωρ παραπορευόμενον. >

We know that often fugitives from God’s commands who have been swallowed by death, which at the first prevailed against them, have been saved by reason of repentance from so great an evil, because they did not despair of being able to be saved though already overpowered in the belly of death: for death prevailed and swallowed, and again God took away every tear from every face.

ἴσμεν δὲ πολλάκις φυγάδας προσταγμάτων θεοῦ καταποθέντας ὑπὸ τοῦ θανάτου, πρότερον κατ' αὐτῶν ἰσχύσαντος, διὰ τὴν μετάνοιαν σωθέντας ἀπὸ τοῦ τηλικούτου κακοῦ, οὐκ ἀπεγνωκότας τὸ σῴζεσθαι δύνασθαι ἤδη < ἐν τῇ κοιλίᾳ τοῦ > θανάτου κεκρατημένους· < κατέπιε γὰρ ὁ θάνατος ἰσχύσας, καὶ πάλιν ἀφεῖλεν ὁ θεὸς πᾶν δάκρυον ἀπὸ παντὸς προσώπου. >

What I have said after my enumeration of persons who have been benefited through prayer, I consider to have been most necessary to my purpose of turning aspirants after the spiritual life in Christ from prayer for little earthly things, and urging readers of this writing towards the mystical things of which the above mentioned were types.

13.4 ταῦτα δέ μοι ἀναγκαιότατα μετὰ τὸν κατάλογον τῶν ὠφεληθέντων διὰ προσευχῆς εἰρῆσθαι νομίζω, ἀποτρέποντι τὴν πνευματικὴν καὶ τὴν ἐν Χριστῷ ζωὴν ποθοῦντας ἀπὸ τοῦ περὶ τῶν μικρῶν καὶ ἐπιγείων εὔχεσθαι καὶ παρακαλοῦντι ἐπὶ τὰ μυστικὰ, ὧν τύποι ἦσαν τὰ προειρημένα μοι, τοὺς ἐντυχόντας τῇδε τῇ γραφῇ.

For it is always and wholly prayer for the spiritual, mystical things which we have instanced, that is practised by him who does not war according to the flesh but with the Spirit mortifies the body’s actions, preference being given to the things suggested by analogy and study over the benefaction apparently indicated by the language of scripture as having accrued to those who had prayed.

πᾶσα γὰρ ἡ περὶ τῶν προπαρατεθέντων ἡμῖν πνευματικῶν καὶ μυστικῶν εὐχὴ ἀεὶ ὑπὸ τοῦ μὴ < κατὰ σάρκα > στρατευομένου ἀλλὰ < πνεύματι τὰς πράξεις τοῦ σώματος > θανατοῦντος ἐπιτελεῖται, προκρινομένων τῶν ἀπὸ τῆς ἀναγωγῆς μετ' ἐξετάσεως παρισταμένων τῆς ἐμφαινομένης κατὰ τὴν λέξιν γεγονέναι τοῖς προσευξαμένοις εὐεργεσίας.

For in ourselves also we are to strive, hearing the spiritual law with spiritual ears, that barrenness or sterility may not arise, but that we may like Hannah and Hezekiah be heard, being freed from barrenness or sterility, and like Mordecai and Esther and Judith be delivered from plotting enemies—in our case the spiritual powers of evil. Inasmuch as Egypt is an iron furnace and also a symbol of every earthly place, let every one who has escaped from the wickedness of the life of men without having been scorched by sin or having had his heart like an oven full of fire, give thanks no less than the men who experienced rain amid fire.

καὶ ἐν ἡμῖν γὰρ ἀσκητέον μὴ ἐγγενέσθαι ἄγονον ἢ στεῖραν, ἀκούουσι τοῦ πνευματικοῦ νόμου ὠσὶ πνευματικοῖς· ἵνα ἀποτιθέμενοι τὸ εἶναι ἄγονοι ἢ στεῖραι ἐπακουσθῶμεν ὡςἌννα καὶἘζεκίας, καὶ ἵνα ἀπὸ ἐπιβουλευόντων ἐχθρῶν τῶν πνευματικῶν τῆς πονηρίας ῥυσθῶμεν ὡς Μαρδοχαῖος καὶἘσθὴρ καὶἸουδήθ. καὶ ἐπεὶ κάμινός ἐστι σιδηρᾶ Αἴγυπτος, σύμβολον τυγχάνουσα παντὸς τοῦ περιγείου τόπου, πᾶς ὁ ἐκπεφευγὼς τὴν τοῦ βίου τῶν ἀνθρώπων κακίαν καὶ μὴ πεπυρωμένος ὑπὸ τῆς ἁμαρτίας μηδὲ ὡς κλίβανον πλήρη πυρὸς τὴν καρδίαν ἐσχηκὼς μὴ ἔλαττον εὐχαριστείτω τῶν ἐν πυρὶ < δρόσου > πεπειραμένων.

Let him, too, who has been heard when he has prayed and said “Deliver not to the brutes a soul that makes acknowledgment to you,.” and who has suffered naught from asp and basilisk because through Christ he has trod on them, and who has trampled lion and snake and enjoyed the good authority bestowed by Jesus to walk over serpents and scorpions and upon the whole power of the enemy, without having been injured by any of them, give thanks more than Daniel as having been delivered from brutes more terrible and harmful.

ἀλλὰ καὶ ὁ ἐν τῷ εὔξασθαι καὶ εἰρηκέναι· < μὴ παραδῷς τοῖς θηρίοις ψυχὴν ἐξομολογουμένην σοι > ἐπακουσθεὶς καὶ μηδὲν ἀπὸ τῆς ἀσπίδος καὶ τοῦ βασιλίσκου παθὼν τῷ διὰ Χριστὸν αὐτὸν αὐτῶν ἐπιβεβηκέναι καὶ καταπατήσας < λέοντα καὶ δράκοντα > τῇ τε καλῇ ἐξουσίᾳ ὑπὸἸησοῦ δεδομένῃ χρησάμενος < τοῦ πατεῖν ἐπάνω ὄφεων καὶ σκορπίων καὶ ἐπὶ πᾶσαν τὴν δύναμιν τοῦ ἐχθροῦ > καὶ μηδὲν ὑπὸ τῶν τοσούτων ἀδικηθεὶς πλεῖον τοῦ Δανιὴλ εὐχαριστησάτω, ἅτε ἀπὸ φοβερωτέρων καὶ ἐπιβλαβεστέρων ῥυσθεὶς θηρίων.

Let him, moreover, who has learned by experience what manner of monster that which swallowed Jonah typified, perceiving that it is of such that Job has spoken, “May He curse it that curses that day, He that is to worst the great monster,.” if he should ever come by reason of any disobedience to be in the belly of the monster, pray in penitence, and he shall come out thence; and if, after coming out, he abides in obedience to the commands of God, he shall be able according to the kindness of the Spirit to be a prophet to perishing Ninevites of today and to become a means to their salvation, without discontent with the kindness of God or desire that He should abide in severity towards penitents.

πρὸς τούτοις ὁ πεπεισμένος, ποίου κήτους τύπος τὸ καταπεπωκὸς τὸνἸωνᾶν ἐτύγχανε, καὶ καταλαβὼν δὲ ὅτι ἐκείνου τοῦ ὑπὸ τοῦἸὼβ εἰρημένου· < καταράσαιτο αὐτὴν ὁ καταρώμενος τὴν ἡμέραν ἐκείνην, ὁ μέλλων τὸ μέγα κῆτος χειρώσασθαι, > ἐάν ποτε γένηται διά τινα ἀπειθίαν < ἐν τῇ τοῦ κήτους κοιλίᾳ, > μετανοῶν εὐξάσθω, κἀκεῖθεν ἐξελεύσεται· ἐξελθών τε ἐπιμένων τῷ πείθεσθαι τοῖς προστάγμασι τοῦ θεοῦ δυνήσεται κατὰ τὴν χρηστότητα τοῦ πνεύματος προφητεύσας καὶ νῦν Νινευΐταις ἀπολλυμένοις πρόφασις αὐτοῖς γενέσθαι σωτηρίας, μὴ δυσαρεστούμενος τῇ χρηστότητι τοῦ θεοῦ μηδὲ ζητῶν ἐπιμένειν αὐτὸν πρὸς τοὺς μετανοοῦντας τῇ ἀποτομία.

The very highest thing that Samuel is said to have done through prayer is spiritually possible of achievement today by every genuine dependant upon God who has become worthy to be heard. It is written: “And now do but stand and see this great thing which the Lord does under you eyes. Is it not wheat harvest today? I will call upon the Lord and He will give thunders and rain.” And then shortly after it says “and Samuel called upon the Lord, and the Lord gave thunders and rain in that day.” To every saint who is genuinely in discipleship to Jesus it is said by the Lord, “Lift up your eyes and behold how the fields are white already unto harvest. He that harvests receives wages and gathers fruit unto life eternal.”

13.5 ὅπερ δὲ μέγιστον πεποιηκέναι λέγεται Σαμουὴλ διὰ προσευχῆς, τοῦτο πνευματικῶς δυνατόν ἐστιν ἕκαστον τῶν ἀνακειμένων γνησίως τῷ θεῷ καὶ νῦν ἐπιτελεῖν, ἄξιον τοῦ ἐπακούεσθαι γεγενημένον. γέγραπται γάρ· < καί γε νῦν στῆτε <καὶ ἴδετε> τὸ ῥῆμα τὸ μέγα τοῦτο, ὃ ὁ κύριος ποιεῖ κατ' ὀφθαλμοὺς ὑμῶν. οὐχὶ θερισμὸς πυροῦ σήμερον; ἐπικαλέσομαι κύριον, καὶ δώσει φωνὰς καὶ ὑετόν > · εἶτα μετ' ὀλίγα· < καὶ ἐπεκαλέσατο, > φησὶ < Σαμουὴλ πρὸς κύριον, καὶ ἔδωκε κύριος φωνὰς καὶ ὑετὸν ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ἐκείνῃ. > παντὶ γὰρ ἁγίῳ καὶ τῷἸησοῦ γνησίως μαθητεύοντι ὑπὸ τοῦ κυρίου λέγεται· < ἐπάρατε τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς ὑμῶν καὶ θεάσασθε τὰς χώρας ὅτι λευκαί εἰσι πρὸς θερισμὸν ἤδη. ὁ θερίζων μισθὸν λαμβάνει καὶ συνάγει καρπὸν εἰς ζωὴν αἰώνιον. >

In this time of harvest the Lord does a great thing under the eyes of those who hear the prophets; for when he that is adorned by the Spirit calls upon the Lord, God gives from heaven thunders and rain that waters the Soul, in order that he who was before in vice may deeply fear the Lord and the minister of God’s benefaction whose claim to reverence and veneration has been attested through the hearing of his prayers. Elijah indeed by a divine word opened the heavens after they had been shut to the impious three years and six months, a thing which anyone may accomplish at any time when through prayer he receives the Soul’s rain, if he be one who has hitherto been deprived of it because of sin.

ἐν τῷ καιρῷ δὴ τούτῳ τοῦ θερισμοῦ < μέγα ῥῆμα > < ὁ κύριος ποιεῖ κατ' ὀφθαλμοὺς > τῶν ἀκουόντων τοὺς προφήτας· ἐπικαλεσαμένου γὰρ τοῦ κεκοσμημένου τῷ ἁγίῳ πνεύματι < πρὸς τὸν κύριον, > δίδωσιν ὁ θεὸς οὐρανόθεν < φωνὰς καὶ > τὸν ποτίζοντα τὴν ψυχὴν < ὑετὸν, > ἵνα ὁ πρότερον ἐν τῇ κακίᾳ ὢν φοβηθῇ σφόδρα τὸν κύριον καὶ τὸν ὑπηρέτην τῆς εὐεργεσίας τοῦ θεοῦ, αἰδέσιμον καὶ σεβάσμιον δι' ὧν ἐπακούεται πεφανερωμένον. καὶἨλίας δὲ τρισὶν ἔτεσι καὶ ἓξ μησὶ κεκλεισμένον τοῖς ἀσεβέσι τὸν οὐρανὸν θείῳ λόγῳ ἀνοίγει ὕστερον· ὅπερ παντί τῳ κατορθοῦται ἀεὶ, διὰ τῆς εὐχῆς λαμβάνοντι τὸν ὑετὸν τῆς ψυχῆς, τῶν διὰ τὴν ἁμαρτίαν πρότερον αὐτοῦ ἐστερημένων.

14. AFTER thus interpreting the benefactions which have accrued to saints through their prayers, let us turn our attention to the words “ask for the great things and the little shall be added unto you: and ask for the heavenly things and the earthly shall be added unto you.” All symbolical and typical things may be described as little and earthly in comparison with the true and the spiritual.

14.1 Τούτων δὲ ἡμῖν ἑρμηνευθέντων εἰς τὰς διὰ τῶν προσευχῶν γεγενημένας τοῖς ἁγίοις εὐεργεσίας, κατανοήσωμεν τὸ < αἰτεῖτε τὰ μεγάλα, καὶ τὰ μικρὰ ὑμῖν προστεθήσεται· καὶ αἰτεῖτε τὰ ἐπουράνια, καὶ τὰ ἐπίγεια ὑμῖν προστεθήσεται. > πάντα γε τὰ συμβολικὰ καὶ τυπικὰ συγκρίσει τῶν ἀληθινῶν καὶ νοητῶν < μικρά > ἐστι καὶ < ἐπίγεια > ·

And, I believe, the divine Word, in urging us on to imitate the prayers of the saints, speaks of the heavenly and great things set forth through those concerned with the earthly and little, in order that we may make our requests according to the reality of which their achievements were typical. He says in effect: Do you who would be spiritual ask for the heavenly and great, in order that obtaining in them heavenly things you may inherit a kingdom of heaven, and as obtaining great things you may enjoy the greatest blessings, while as for the earthly and little that you require by reason of your bodily necessities, your Father will supply them to you in due measure.

καὶ εἰκὸς ὅτι ὁ θεῖος ἡμᾶς λόγος προκαλούμενος ἐπὶ τὸ μιμεῖσθαι τὰς τῶν ἁγίων εὐχὰς, ἵν' αἰτῶμεν αὐτὰς κατὰ τὸ ἀληθὲς ὧν ἐκεῖνοι ἐπετέλουν τυπικῶν, φησὶ < τὰ ἐπουράνια > καὶ < μεγάλα, > δεδηλωμένα διὰ τῶν περὶ ἐπιγείων καὶ μικρῶν πραγμάτων, λέγων· ὑμεῖς οἱ πνευματικοὶ εἶναι βουλόμενοι διὰ τῶν προσευχῶν αἰτήσατε < < τὰ ἐπουράνια > καὶ < μεγάλα > >, ἵν' αὐτῶν τυχόντες ὡς ἐπουρανίων βασιλείαν οὐρανῶν κληρονομήσητε καὶ ὡς μεγάλων τῶν μεγίστων ἀγαθῶν ἀπολαύσητε, τὰ δὲ < ἐπίγεια > καὶ < μικρὰ, > ὧν διὰ τὰς σωματικὰς ἀνάγκας χρῄζετε, μέτρῳ τοῦ δέοντος ἐπιχορηγήσῃ ὑμῖν ὁ πατήρ.

14.2. In the first Epistle to Timothy the Apostle has employed four terms corresponding to four things in close relation to the subject of devotion and prayer. It will therefore be of service to cite his language and see whether we can satisfactorily determine the strict meaning of each of the four. He says, “I exhort therefore first of all that

14.2 ἐπεὶ δὲ παρὰ τῷ ἀποστόλῳ τέσσαρα ὀνόματα κατὰ τεσσάρων πραγμάτων, γειτνιώντων τῷ περὶ τῆς εὐχῆς λόγῳ, ἐν τῇ προτέρᾳ πρὸς Τιμόθεον εἴρηται, χρήσιμον ἔσται παραθέμενον αὐτοῦ τὴν λέξιν ἰδεῖν <εἰ> ἕκαστον τῶν τεσσάρων, κυρίως ἂν νοούμενον, ἐκλάβοιμεν καλῶς. λέγει δὲ οὕτως· < παρακαλῶ οὖν πρῶτον πάντων ποιεῖσθαι

[1] supplications,
[2] prayers,
[3] intercessions,
[4] thanksgivings

[4] thanksgiving, the prayerful acknowledgment of the attainment of blessings from God, he who returns the acknowledgment being impressed by the greatness, or what seems to the recipient the greatness, of the benefactions conferred.

 εὐχαριστίαν δὲ τὴν ἐπὶ τῷ τετευχέναι ἀγαθῶν ἀπὸ θεοῦ μετ' εὐχῶν ἀνθομολόγησιν, ἀντειλημμένου τοῦ ἀνθομολογουμένου τοῦ μεγέθους ἢ τῷ εὐεργετηθέντι μεγέθους φαινομένου τῆς εἰς αὐτὸν γεγενημένης εὐεργεσίας.

[1] Of the first, examples are found in Gabriel’s speech to Zachariah who, it is likely, had prayed for the birth of John: “Fear not, Zachariah, because your request hath been heard and your wife Elizabeth shall beget you a Son and you shall call his name John;” in the account in Exodus of the making of the Calf: “And Moses made request before the Lord God, and said: To what purpose, Lord, art you in anger wroth with your people whom you hast brought out of the land of Egypt in great might?”

14.3 παραδείγματα δὲ τοῦ μὲν πρώτου ὁ Γαβριὴλ πρὸς τὸν Ζαχαρίαν, περὶ τῆς γενέσεωςἸωάννου ὡς εἰκὸς εὐξάμενον, λόγος οὕτως ἔχων· < μὴ φοβοῦ, Ζαχαρία, διότι εἰσηκούσθη ἡ δέησίς σου, καὶ ἡ γυνή σουἘλισάβετ γεννήσει υἱόν σοι, καὶ καλέσεις τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦἸωάννην, > καὶ τὰ ἐν τῇἘξόδῳ ἐπὶ τῇ μοσχοποιΐᾳ ἀναγεγραμμένα τὸν τρόπον τοῦτον· < καὶ ἐδεήθη Μωϋσῆς κατέναντι κυρίου τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ εἶπεν· ἵνα τί θυμοῖ ὀργῇ, κύριε, εἰς τὸν λαόν σου, οὓς ἐξήγαγες ἐκ γῆς Αἰγύπτου ἐν ἰσχύϊ μεγάλῃ;

In Deuteronomy: “And I made request before the Lord a second time even as also the former time forty days and forty nights bread I ate not and water I drank not for all your sins that you sinned;” and in Esther: “Mordecai made request of God, recalling all the works of the Lord, and said; Lord, Lord, King Almighty,.” and Esther herself “made request of the Lord God of Israel and said: Lord our King . . . “.

> καὶ ἐν Δευτερονομίῳ· < καὶ ἐδεήθην ἔναντι κυρίου δεύτερον καθάπερ καὶ τὸ πρότερον τεσσαράκοντα ἡμέρας καὶ τεσσαράκοντα νύκτας ?ἄρτον οὐκ ἔφαγον καὶ ὕδωρ οὐκ ἔπιον  περὶ πασῶν τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν ὑμῶν ὧν ἡμάρτετε, > καὶ ἐν τῇἘσθήρ· < Μαρδοχαῖος ἐδεήθη τοῦ θεοῦ, μνημονεύων πάντα τὰ ἔργα τοῦ κυρίου, καὶ εἶπε· κύριε κύριε βασιλεῦ παντοκράτορ, > καὶ αὐτὴ ἡἘσθὴρ < ἐδεῖτο κυρίου τοῦ θεοῦἸσραὴλ καὶ εἶπε· κύριε, ὁ βασιλεὺς ἡμῶν. >

[2] Of the second, examples are found in Daniel: “And Azariah drew himself up and prayed thus, and opening his mouth amid the fire said . . . ;” and in Tobit: “And with anguish I prayed saying, ‘Righteous art you, O Lord, and all your works; all your ways are mercy and truth, and judgment true and righteous dost you judge forever.’” Since however, the circumcised have marked the passage in Daniel spurious as not standing in the Hebrew, and dispute the Book of Tobit as not within the Testament, I shall cite Hannah’s case from the first book of Kings

14.4 τοῦ δὲ δευτέρου ἐν τῷ Δανιήλ· < καὶ συστὰςἈζαρίας προσηύξατο οὕτως καὶ ἀνοίξας τὸ στόμα αὐτοῦ ἐν μέσῳ πυρὸς εἶπε, > καὶ ἐν τῷ Τωβήτ· < καὶ προσηυξάμην μετ' ὀδύνης λέγων· δίκαιος εἶ, κύριε, καὶ πάντα τὰ ἔργα σου, πᾶσαι αἱ ὁδοί σου ἐλεημοσύνη καὶ ἀλήθεια, καὶ κρίσιν ἀληθινὴν καὶ δικαίαν σὺ κρίνεις εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα. > ἐπεὶ δὲ τὸ μὲν ἐν τῷ Δανιὴλ ῥητὸν ὠβέλισαν, ὡς μὴ κείμενον ἐν τῷἙβραϊκῷ, τῇ δὲ τοῦ Τωβὴτ βίβλῳ ἀντιλέγουσιν οἱ ἐκ περιτομῆς, ὡς μὴ ἐνδιαθήκῳ, παραθήσομαι ἐκ τῆς πρώτης τῶν Βασιλειῶν τὸ τῆς Ἄννης·

“And she prayed unto the Lord, and wept exceedingly, and vowed a vow, and said, ‘O Lord of Hosts, if you will indeed have regard unto the humiliation of your bondmaid,’” and so on; and in Habakkuk: “A prayer of Habakkuk the prophet, set to song. O Lord, I have hearkened to your voice and was afraid; I did mark your works and was in ecstasy. In the midst of two living beings you shall be known; as the years draw nigh you shall be fully known;” a prayer which eminently illustrates what I said in defining prayer that it is offered with ascription of glory by the suppliant. And in Jonah also, Jonah prayed unto the Lord his God from the belly of the monster, and said, “I cried in my affliction unto the Lord my God, and he heard me. You heard my wail from the belly of death, my cry; you flung me away into the depths of the heart of the sea, and streams encircled me.”

< καὶ προσηύξατο πρὸς κύριον καὶ κλαυθμῷ ἔκλαυσε. καὶ ηὔξατο εὐχὴν καὶ εἶπε· κύριε τῶν δυνάμεων, ἐὰν ἐφοράσει ἐπίδῃς ἐπὶ τὴν ταπείνωσιν τῆς δούλης σου > καὶ τὰ ἑξῆς, καὶ ἐν τῷἈββακούμ· < προσευχὴἈββακοὺμ τοῦ προφήτου μετὰ ᾠδῆς. κύριε, εἰσακήκοα τὴν φωνήν σου καὶ ἐφοβήθην· κύριε, κατενόησα τὰ ἔργα σου καὶ ἐξέστην· ἐν μέσῳ δύο ζῴων γνωσθήσῃ, ἐν τῷ ἐγγίζειν τὰ ἔτη ἐπιγνωσθήσῃ. > σφόδρα δὲ αὕτη ἐμφαίνει τὸ κατὰ τὸν ὅρον τῆς προσευχῆς, ὅτι μετὰ δοξολογίας τῷ προσευχομένῳ ἀναπέμπεται. ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐν τῷἸωνᾷ < προσηύξατοἸωνᾶς πρὸς κύριον τὸν θεὸν αὐτοῦ ἐκ τῆς κοιλίας τοῦ κήτους καὶ εἶπεν· ἐβόησα ἐν θλίψει μου πρὸς κύριον τὸν θεόν μου, καὶ εἰσήκουσέ μου· ἐκ κοιλίας ᾅδου κραυγῆς μου ἤκουσας φωνῆς μου· ἀπέῤῥιψάς με εἰς βάθη καρδίας θαλάσσης, καὶ ποταμοὶ ἐκύκλωσάν με. >

[3] Of the third, we have an example in the Apostle where he with good reason employs prayer in our case, but intercession in that of the Spirit as excelling us and having confidence in approaching Him with whom He intercedes; for as to what we are to pray, he says, “as we ought we know not, but the Spirit Himself more than intercedes with God in sighs unspeakable, and He that searches hearts knows what is the mind of the Spirit because His intercession on behalf of saints is according to God;” for the Spirit more than intercedes, and intercedes, whereas we pray.

14.5 τοῦ δὲ τρίτου παρὰ τῷ ἀποστόλῳ, εὐλόγως τὴν μὲν προσευχὴν ἐφ' ἡμῶν τάττοντι τὴν δὲ ἔντευξιν ἐπὶ τοῦ πνεύματος, ὡς κρείττονος ὄντος καὶ < παῤῥησίαν > ἔχοντος < πρὸς τὸν, > ᾧ ἐντυγχάνει· < τὸ γὰρ τί προσευξώμεθα, > φησὶ, < καθὸ δεῖ οὐκ οἴδαμεν, ἀλλὰ αὐτὸ τὸ πνεῦμα στεναγμοῖς ἀλαλήτοις ὑπερεντυγχάνει τῷ θεῷ. ὁ δὲ ἐρευνῶν τὰς καρδίας οἶδε τί τὸ φρόνημα τοῦ πνεύματος, ὅτι κατὰ θεὸν ἐντυγχάνει ὑπὲρ ἁγίων > · ὑπερεντυγχάνει γὰρ καὶ < ἐντυγχάνει > τὸ πνεῦμα, ἡμεῖς δὲ προσευχόμεθα.

What Joshua said concerning the sun’s making a stand over against Gabaoth is, I think, also intercession: Then spake Joshua to the LORD in the day when the LORD delivered up the Amorites before the children of Israel, “Here spoke Joshua to the Lord in the day when God delivered up the Amorites before the children of Israel, and he said in the sight of Israel, Sun, stand thou still upon Gibeon; and thou, Moon, in the valley of Ajalon;” and in Judges, it is, I think, in intercession that Samson said, “Let my soul die together with the aliens” when he leaned in might and the house fell upon the princes and upon all the people in it. Even though it is not explicitly said that Joshua and Samson interceded but that they said, their language seems to be intercession, which, if we accept the terms in their strict sense, is in our opinion distinct from prayer.

ἔντευξις δέ μοι εἶναι δοκεῖ καὶ τὸ ὑπὸ Ἰησοῦ εἰρημένον περὶ τοῦ στῆναι τὸν ἥλιον κατὰ Γαβαώθ· < τότε ἐλάλησενἸησοῦς πρὸς κύριον, ᾗ ἡμέρᾳ παρέδωκεν ὁ θεὸς τὸνἈμοῤῥαῖον ὑποχείριονἸσραὴλ, ἡνίκα συνέτριβεν αὐτοὺς ἐν Γαβαὼθ, καὶ συνετρίβησαν ἀπὸ προσώπου τῶν υἱῶνἸσραήλ. καὶ εἶπεν ὁἸησοῦς· στήτω ὁ ἥλιος κατὰ Γαβαὼθ, καὶ ἡ σελήνη κατὰ φάραγγαἘλώμ > · καὶ ἐν τοῖς Κριταῖς ὁ Σαμψὼν ἡγοῦμαι ὅτι ἐντυγχάνων εἶπε· < συναποθανέτω ἡ ψυχή μου μετὰ τῶν ἀλλοφύλων, > ὅτε < ἔκλινεν ἐν ἰσχύϊ, καὶ ἔπεσεν ὁ οἶκος ἐπὶ τοὺς σατράπας καὶ ἐπὶ πάντα τὸν λαὸν τὸν ἐν αὐτῷ. > εἰ καὶ μὴ κεῖται δὲ ὅτι ἐντετυχήκασιν ἀλλ' ὅτι εἰρήκασιν ὁἸησοῦς καὶ ὁ Σαμψὼν, ὁ λόγος αὐτῶν ἔοικεν εἶναι ἔντευξις· ἥτις ἑτέρα παρὰ τὴν προσευχὴν, εἰ κυρίως ἀκούοιμεν τῶν ὀνομάτων, εἶναι ἡμῖν νομίζεται.

[4] Of thanksgiving an example is our Lord’s utterance when He says: “I make acknowledgment to you, O Father, Lord of heaven and earth, that you did hide these things from the wise and understanding and reveal them to infants;” for I make acknowledgment is equivalent to I give thanks.

εὐχαριστίας δὲ παράδειγμα ἡ τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν φωνὴ, λέγοντος· < ἐξομολογοῦμαί σοι, πάτερ, κύριε τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καὶ τῆς γῆς, ὅτι ἀπέκρυψας ταῦτα ἀπὸ σοφῶν καὶ συνετῶν καὶ ἀπεκάλυψας αὐτὰ νηπίοις > · τὸ γὰρ < ἐξομολογοῦμαι > ἴσον ἐστὶ τῷ < εὐχαριστῷ. >

Now request and intercession and thanksgiving, it is not out of place to offer even to men—the two latter, intercession and thanksgiving, not only to saintly men but also to others. But request to saints alone, should some Paul or Peter appear, to benefit us by making us worthy to obtain the authority which has been given to them to forgive sins—with this addition indeed that, even should a man not be a saint and we have wronged him, we are permitted our becoming conscious of our sin against him to make request even of such, that he extend pardon to us who have wronged him.

14.6 δέησιν μὲν οὖν καὶ ἔντευξιν καὶ εὐχαριστίαν οὐκ ἄτοπον καὶ ἀνθρώποις <ἁγίοις> προσενεγκεῖν· ἀλλὰ τὰ μὲν δύο λέγω δὴ ἔντευξιν καὶ εὐχαριστίαν  οὐ μόνον ἁγίοις ἀλλὰ δὴ καὶ <ἄλλοις> ἀνθρώποις, τὴν δὲ δέησιν μόνον ἁγίοις, εἴ τις εὑρεθείη Παῦλος ἢ Πέτρος, ἵνα ὠφελήσωσιν ἡμᾶς, ἀξίους ποιοῦντες τοῦ τυχεῖν τῆς δεδομένης αὐτοῖς ἐξουσίας πρὸς τὸ ἁμαρτήματα ἀφιέναι· εἰ μὴ ἄρα, κἂν μὴ ἅγιός τις ᾖ, ἀδικήσωμεν δὲ αὐτὸν, δέδοται συναισθηθέντας τῆς εἰς αὐτὸν ἁμαρτίας τὸ δεηθῆναι καὶ τοῦ τοιούτου, ἵν' ἡμῖν ἠδικηκόσι συγγνώμην ἀπονείμῃ.

Yet if we are offer thanksgiving to men who are saints, how much more should we give thanks to Christ, who has under the Father’s will conferred so many benefactions upon us? Yes and intercede with Him as did Stephen when he said, “Lord, set not this sin against them.” In imitation of the father of the lunatic we shall say, “I request, Lord, have mercy” either on my son, or myself, or as the case may be.

εἰ δὲ ἀνθρώποις ἁγίοις ταῦτα προσενεκτέον, πόσῳ πλέον τῷ Χριστῷ εὐχαριστητέον, τοσαῦτα ἡμᾶς βουλήσει τοῦ πατρὸς εὐεργετήσαντι; ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐντευκτέον αὐτῷ ὡς ὁ εἰπὼν Στέφανος· < κύριε, μὴ στήσῃς αὐτοῖς τὴν ἁμαρτίαν ταύτην > · μιμούμενοί τε τὸν πατέρα τοῦ σεληνιαζομένου ἐροῦμεν· < δέομαι, > < κύριε, ἐλέησον > ἢ < τὸν υἱὸν > ἢ ἐμὲ αὐτὸν ἢ ὃν δή ποτε.

But if we accept prayer in its full meaning, we may not ever pray to any begotten being, not even to Christ himself, but only to the God and Father of All to whom our Savior both prayed himself, as we have already instanced, and teaches us to pray.

15.1Ἐὰν δὲ ἀκούωμεν ὅ τι ποτέ ἐστι προσευχὴ, μή ποτε οὐ δενὶ τῶν γεννητῶν προσευκτέον ἐστὶν οὐδὲ αὐτῷ τῷ Χριστῷ ἀλλὰ μόνῳ τῷ θεῷ τῶν ὅλων καὶ πατρὶ, ᾧ καὶ αὐτὸς ὁ σωτὴρ ἡμῶν προσηύχετο, ὡς προπαρεθέμεθα, καὶ διδάσκει ἡμᾶς προσεύχεσθαι.

For when He has heard one say. “Teach you us to pray,.” He does not teach men to pray to Himself but to the Father saying, “Our Father in heaven,.” and so on. For if, as is shown elsewhere, the Son is other than the Father in being and essence, prayer is to be made either to the Son and not the Father or to both or to the Father alone.

ἀκούσας γάρ· < δίδαξον ἡμᾶς προσεύχεσθαι > οὐ διδάσκει αὑτῷ < προσεύχεσθαι > ἀλλὰ τῷ πατρὶ, λέγοντας· < πάτερ ἡμῶν ὁ ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς > καὶ τὰ ἑξῆς. εἰ γὰρ ἕτερος, ὡς ἐν ἄλλοις δείκνυται, κατ' οὐσίαν καὶ ὑποκείμενόν ἐστιν ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ πατρὸς, ἤτοι προσευκτέον τῷ υἱῷ καὶ οὐ τῷ πατρὶ ἢ ἀμφοτέροις ἢ τῷ πατρὶ μόνῳ.

That prayer to the Son and not the Father is most out of place and only to be suggested in defiance of manifest truth, one and all will admit. In prayer to both it is plain that we should have to offer our claims in plural form, and in our prayers say, “Grant you both, Bless you both, Supply you both, Save you both,.” or the like, which is self-evidently wrong and also incapable of being shown by anyone to stand in the scriptures as spoken by any.

τὸ μὲν οὖν τῷ υἱῷ καὶ οὐ τῷ πατρὶ πᾶς ὁστισοῦν ὁμολογήσει εἶναι ἀτοπώτατον καὶ παρὰ τὴν ἐνάργειαν λεχθησόμενον ἄν· εἰ δὲ ἀμφοτέροις, δῆλον ὅτι κἂν ἀξιώσεις προσενέγκοιμεν πληθυντικῶς, παράσχεσθε καὶ εὐεργετήσατε καὶ ἐπιχορηγήσατε καὶ σώσατε, καὶ εἴ τι τούτων ὅμοιον, διὰ τῶν προσευχῶν λέγοντες· ὅπερ καὶ αὐτόθεν ἀπεμφαῖνον, οὐδὲ ἐν ταῖς γραφαῖς ἔχει τις δεῖξαι κείμενον ὑπό τινων λεγόμενον.

It remains, accordingly, to pray to God alone, the Father of All, not however apart from the High Priest who has been appointed by the Father with swearing of an oath, according to the words He hath sworn and shall not repent, “You art a priest forever after the order of Melchizedek.”

λείπεται τοίνυν προσεύχεσθαι μόνῳ τῷ θεῷ τῷ τῶν ὅλων πατρὶ, ἀλλὰ μὴ χωρὶς τοῦ ἀρχιερέως, ὅστις < μεθ' ὁρκωμοσίας > κατεστάθη ὑπὸ τοῦ πατρὸς κατὰ τὸ < ὤμοσε, καὶ οὐ μεταμεληθήσεται· σὺ ἱερεὺς εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα κατὰ τὴν τάξιν Μελχισεδέκ. >

In thanksgiving to God, therefore, during their prayers, saints acknowledge His favors through Christ Jesus.Just as the man who is scrupulous about prayer ought not to pray to one who himself prays but to the Father upon whom our Lord Jesus has taught us to call in our prayers, so we are not to offer any prayer to the Father apart from Him. He clearly sets this forth himself when He says, “Verily, verily, I tell you, whatsoever you may ask of my Father He shall give you in my house. Until but now you have not asked aught in my name. Ask and you shall receive, that your joy may be fulfilled.”

15.2 εὐχαριστοῦντες οὖν οἱ ἅγιοι ἐν ταῖς προσευχαῖς ἑαυτῶν τῷ θεῷ διὰ ΧριστοῦἸησοῦ χάριτας ὁμολογοῦσιν αὐτῷ. ὥσπερ δὲ τὸν ἀκριβοῦντα τὸ προσεύχεσθαι οὐ χρὴ τῷ εὐχομένῳ προσεύχεσθαι ἀλλὰ τῷ ὃν ἐδίδαξεν ἐπὶ τῶν εὐχῶν καλεῖν πατρὶ ὁ κύριος ἡμῶνἸησοῦς, οὕτως οὐ χωρὶς αὐτοῦ προσευχήν τινα προσενεκτέον τῷ πατρὶ, ὡς αὐτὸς τοῦτο παραδείκνυσι σαφῶς οὕτω λέγων· < ἀμὴν ἀμὴν λέγω ὑμῖν, ἄν τι αἰτήσητε τὸν πατέρα μου, δώσει ὑμῖν ἐν τῷ ὀνόματί μου. ἕως ἄρτι οὐκ ᾐτήσατε οὐδὲν ἐν τῷ ὀνόματί μου· αἰτεῖτε, καὶ λήψεσθε, ἵνα ἡ χαρὰ ὑμῶν ᾖ πεπληρωμένη. >

He did not say, “Ask of me,.” nor yet simply “Ask of the father,.” but “Whatsoever you may ask of the Father, He will give you in my name.” For until Jesus taught this, no one had asked of the Father in the name of the Son. True was the saying of Jesus, “Until but now you have not asked aught in my name”; and true also the words, “Ask and you shall receive, that your joy may be fulfilled.”

οὐ γὰρ εἶπεν· < αἰτεῖτέ > με οὐδὲ < αἰτεῖτε > < τὸν πατέρα > ἁπλῶς ἀλλά· < ἐάν τι αἰτήσητε τὸν πατέρα, δώσει ὑμῖν ἐν τῷ ὀνόματί μου. > ἕως γὰρ ἐδίδαξε ταῦτα ὁἸησοῦς, οὐδεὶς ᾐτήκει < τὸν πατέρα > < ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι > τοῦ υἱοῦ· καὶ ἀληθὲς ἦν ὑπὸἸησοῦ λεγόμενον τὸ < ἕως ἄρτι οὐκ ᾐτήσατε οὐδὲν ἐν τῷ ὀνόματί μου, > ἀληθὲς δὲ καὶ τὸ < αἰτεῖτε, καὶ λήψεσθε, ἵνα ἡ χαρὰ ὑμῶν ᾖ πεπληρωμένη. >

Should anyone, however who believes that prayer ought to be made to Christ himself, confused by the sense of the expression make obeisance, confront us with that acknowledged reference to Christ in Deuteronomy, “Let all God’s angels make obeisance to Him,.” we may reply to him that the church, called Jerusalem by the prophet, is also said to have obeisance made to her by kings and queens who become her foster sires and nurses, in the words, “Behold, I lift up my hand upon the nations, and upon the isles will I lift up my sign: and they shall bring your sons in their bosom and your daughters they shall lift up on their shoulders; and kings shall be your foster sires, their queens they nurses: to the face of the earth shall they make obeisance to you, and the dust of your feet shall they lick: and you shall know that I am the Lord and shall not be ashamed.”

15.3 ἐὰν δέ τις, οἰόμενος δεῖν αὐτῷ τῷ Χριστῷ προσεύχεσθαι, συγχεόμενος ἀπὸ τοῦ ἐκ τοῦ προσκυνεῖν σημαινομένου προσάγῃ ἡμῖν τὸ < προσκυνησάτωσαν αὐτῷ πάντες ἄγγελοι θεοῦ, > ὁμολογουμένως ἐν τῷ Δευτερονομίῳ περὶ Χριστοῦ εἰρημένον, λεκτέον πρὸς αὐτὸν ὅτι καὶ ἡ ἐκκλησίαἹερουσαλὴμ παρὰ τοῦ προφήτου ὀνομαζομένη προσκυνεῖσθαι ὑπὸ βασιλέων καὶ ἀρχουσῶν, γινομένων τιθηνῶν αὐτῆς καὶ τροφῶν, λέγεται διὰ τούτων· < ἰδοὺ αἴρω εἰς τὰ ἔθνη τὴν χεῖρά μου, καὶ εἰς τὰς νήσους ἀρῶ σύσσημόν μου· καὶ ἄξουσι τοὺς υἱούς σου ἐν κόλπῳ, τὰς δὲ θυγατέρας σου ἐπὶ τῶν ὤμων ἀροῦσι· καὶ ἔσονται βασιλεῖς τιθηνοί σου, αἱ δὲ ἄρχουσαι αὐτῶν τροφοί σου· ἐπὶ πρόσωπον τῆς γῆς προσκυνήσουσί <σοι>, καὶ τὸν χοῦν τῶν ποδῶν σου λείξουσι· καὶ γνώσῃ ὅτι ἐγὼ κύριος καὶ οὐκ αἰσχυνθήσῃ. >

And how does it not accord with Him who said, “Why callest you me good? None is good save One—God the Father” to suppose that He would say, “Why pray you to me? To the Father alone ought you to pray, to whom I also pray, as indeed you learn from the holy Scriptures. For you ought not to pray to one who has been appointed high priest for you by the Father and has received it from the Father to be advocate, but through a high priest and advocate able to sympathize with your weaknesses, having been tried in all points like you but, by reason of the Father’s free gift to me, tried without sin.

15.4 πῶς δὲ οὐκ ἔστι κατὰ τὸν εἰπόντα· < τί με λέγεις ἀγαθόν; οὐδεὶς ἀγαθὸς εἰ μὴ εἷς ὁ θεὸς, ὁ πατὴρ > εἰπεῖν ἄν· τί ἐμοὶ προσεύχῃ; μόνῳ τῷ πατρὶ προσεύχεσθαι χρὴ, ᾧ κἀγὼ προσεύχομαι· ὅπερ διὰ τῶν ἁγίων γραφῶν μανθάνετε. ἀρχιερεῖ γὰρ τῷ ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν κατασταθέντι ὑπὸ τοῦ πατρὸς καὶ παρακλήτῳ ἀπὸ τοῦ πατρὸς εἶναι λαβόντι εὔχεσθαι ὑμᾶς οὐ δεῖ ἀλλὰ δι' ἀρχιερέως καὶ παρακλήτου, δυναμένου συμπαθεῖν < ταῖς ἀσθενείαις ὑμῶν, > πεπειρασμένου < κατὰ πάντα > ὁμοίως ὑμῖν, ἀλλὰ διὰ τὸν δωρησάμενόν μοι πατέρα πεπειρασμένου < χωρὶς ἁμαρτίας. >

Learn you therefore how great a free gift you have received from my Father in having received through regeneration in me the Spirit of adoption, that you may be called sons of God and my brethren. For you have read my utterance spoken through David to the Father concerning you, ‘I will proclaim your name to my brethren; in the midst of the church will I sing hymns to you.’ It is not reasonable that those who have been counted worthy of one common Father should pray to a brother.To the Father alone ought you, with me and through me, to send up prayer.”

μάθετε οὖν, ὅσην δωρεὰν ἀπὸ τοῦ πατρός μου εἰλήφατε, διὰ τῆς ἐν ἐμοὶ ἀναγεννήσεως τὸ τῆς < υἱοθεσίας πνεῦμα > ἀπειληφότες, ἵνα χρηματίσητε < υἱοὶ θεοῦ > ἀδελφοὶ δὲ ἐμοῦ. ἀνέγνωτε γὰρ τὴν διὰ τοῦ Δαυῒδ ὑπ' ἐμοῦ εἰρημένην περὶ ὑμῶν πρὸς τὸν πατέρα φωνήν· < ἀπαγγελῶ τὸ ὄνομά σου τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς μου, ἐν μέσῳ ἐκκλησίας ὑμνήσω σε. > ἀδελφῷ δὲ προσεύχεσθαι τοὺς κατηξιωμένους ἑνὸς αὐτῶν πατρὸς οὐκ ἔστιν εὔλογον· μόνῳ γὰρ τῷ πατρὶ μετ' ἐμοῦ καὶ δι' ἐμοῦ ἀναπεμπτέον ἐστὶν ὑμῖν προσευχήν.

So then hearing Jesus speak to such effect, let us pray to God through Him, all with one accord and without division concerning the manner of prayer. Are we not indeed divided if we pray some to the Father, others to the Son—those who pray to the Son, whether with the Father or without the Father, committing a crude error in all simplicity for lack of discrimination and examination?

16.1 Ταῦτ' οὖν λέγοντος ἀκούοντεςἸησοῦ τῷ θεῷ δι' αὐτοῦ εὐχώμεθα, τὸ αὐτὸ λέγοντες πάντες μηδὲ περὶ τοῦ τρόπου τῆς εὐχῆς σχιζόμενοι. ἢ οὐχὶ σχιζόμεθα, ἐὰν οἱ μὲν τῷ πατρὶ οἱ δὲ τῷ υἱῷ εὐχώμεθα, ἰδιωτικὴν ἁμαρτίαν κατὰ πολλὴν ἀκεραιότητα διὰ τὸ ἀβασάνιστον καὶ ἀνεξέταστον ἁμαρτανόντων τῶν προσευχομένων τῷ υἱῷ, εἴτε μετὰ τοῦ πατρὸς εἴτε χωρὶς τοῦ πατρός;

Let us therefore pray as to God, intercede as with a Father, request as of a Lord, give thanks as to God and Father and Lord, though in no way as to a servant’s lord; for the Father may reasonably be considered Lord not only of the Son but also of those who through Him are become sons also, though, just as He is not God of dead but of living men, so He is not Lord of baseborn servants but of such as at the first are ennobled by means of fear because they are as infants, but serve thereafter according to love in a service more blessed than that which is in fear. For within the soul itself, visible to the Seer of Hearts alone, these are distinctive characters of servants and sons of God.

προσευχώμεθα τοίνυν ὡς θεῷ ἐντυγχάνωμεν δὲ ὡς πατρὶ δεώμεθα δὲ ὡς κυρίου εὐχαριστῶμεν δὲ ὡς θεῷ καὶ πατρὶ καὶ κυρίῳ, οὐ πάντως δούλου ὄντι κυρίῳ· ὁ γὰρ < πατὴρ > εὐλόγως ἂν νομισθείη τοῦ υἱοῦ καὶ κύριος καὶ τῶν δι' αὐτὸν γενομένων υἱῶν κύριος· ὥσπερ δὲ < οὐκ ἔστι θεὸς νεκρῶν ἀλλὰ ζώντων, > οὕτως οὐκ ἔστι κύριος ἀγενῶν δούλων ἀλλὰ τῶν κατὰ μὲν τὰς ἀρχὰς φόβῳ διὰ τὴν νηπιότητα ἐξευγενιζομένων μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα κατὰ τὴν ἀγάπην μακαριωτέραν τῆς ἐν φόβῳ δουλείαν δουλευόντων· εἰσὶ γὰρ καὶ ἐν τῇ ψυχῇ μόνῳ τῷ καρδίας βλέποντι χαρακτῆρες φανεροὶ δούλων θεοῦ καὶ υἱῶν αὐτοῦ.

Everyone who asks for the earthly and little things from God disregards Him who has enjoined the asking of heavenly and great things. God is incapable of bestowing anything either earthly or little. Should anyone suggest instances to the contrary in which the material things bestowed upon the saints in the past as a result of prayer, and indeed the express language of the Gospel when it teaches that the earthly and the little are to be added unto us, we may reply to him as follows.

16.2 πᾶς τοιγαροῦν ὁ < τὰ ἐπίγεια > καὶ < μικρὰ > αἰτῶν ἀπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ παρακούει τοῦ ἐντειλαμένου < ἐπουράνια > καὶ < μεγάλα > αἰτεῖν ἀπὸ τοῦ μηδὲν ἐπίγειον μηδὲ μικρὸν χαρίζεσθαι ἐπισταμένου θεοῦ. ἐὰν δέ τις ἀνθυποφέρῃ τὰ κατὰ τὸ σωματικὸν ἐκ προσευχῆς τοῖς ἁγίοις δωρηθέντα ἀλλὰ καὶ τὴν τοῦ εὐαγγελίου φωνὴν, διδάσκοντος < τὰ ἐπίγεια > ἡμῖν προστίθεσθαι καὶ < τὰ μικρὰ, > ἀπαντητέον πρὸς αὐτὸν ὅτι, ὥσπερ οὐ λεκτέον,

When someone bestows upon us a particular material object, we should not say that the person has bestowed upon us the shadow of the object, for it is unintentional to present two things, object and shadow. The giver’s intention is to give a material object; our receipt of its shadow is a consequence of the gift. In like manner if, with mind grown nobler, we have discerned the gifts that are principally given to us by God, we shall most properly describe as consequences of the great and heavenly spiritual gifts of grace the material things which are given to each of the saints for his good or in proportion to his faith or according as the Giver wills, and wisely does He will, even though we are unable to describe a cause and reason worthy of the Giver for each of His gifts.

δωρουμένου τινὸς ἡμῖν ὅ τι δή ποτε σῶμα, ὅτι ὁ δεῖνα τὴν σκιὰν ἡμῖν τοῦ σώματος ἐδωρήσατο ?οὐ γὰρ προθέμενος δύο τινὰ χαρίσασθαι, σῶμα καὶ σκιὰν, δέδωκε τὸ σῶμα, ἀλλ' ἡ πρόθεσις τοῦ διδόντος ἐστὶ διδόναι σῶμα, ἐπακολουθεῖ δὲ τῇ δόσει τοῦ σώματος καὶ τὸ τὴν σκιὰν αὐτοῦ ἡμᾶς λαβεῖν , οὕτως, εἰ μεγαλοφυεστέρῳ γενομένῳ ἡμῶν τῷ νῷ κατανοήσαιμεν τὰς προηγουμένως ὑπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ ἡμῖν διδομένας δωρεὰς, οἰκειότατα ἐροῦμεν παρακολουθήματα τῶν μεγάλων καὶ ἐπουρανίων πνευματικῶν χαρισμάτων εἶναι τὰ σωματικὰ, < ἑκάστῳ > διδόμενα τῶν ἁγίων < πρὸς τὸ συμφέρον > ἢ < κατ' ἀναλογίαν τῆς πίστεως > ἢ < καθὼς βούλεται > ὁ διδούς· βούλεται δὲ σοφῶς, εἰ καὶ ἡμεῖς μὴ δυνάμεθα ἑκάστῳ τῶν διδομένων αἰτίαν καὶ λόγον ἄξιον τοῦ διδόντος εἰπεῖν.

Greater fruit had been borne by Hannah’s soul in being turned from sterility than was her body in conceiving Samuel. Diviner had been the offspring begotten by Hezekiah’s mind than that which was begotten of the material seed of his body. Higher had been the deliverances of Esther and Morecai and the people from spiritual plots than was that from Haman and his conspirators. Mightier was the prince that sought to ruin her soul, whose power Judith had cut through than he whom she met in Holophermes.

16.3 μᾶλλον οὖν κεκαρποφορήκει ἀπό τινος στειρώσεως μεταβαλοῦσα ἡ τῆςἌννης ψυχὴ ἤπερ τὸ σῶμα, κυῆσαν τὸν Σαμουήλ· καὶ μᾶλλον ὁἘζεκίας θεῖα γεγεννήκει τέκνα νοῦ ἤπερ σώματος, ἐκ τοῦ σωματικοῦ σπέρματος αὐτῶν γεγεννημένων· ἐπὶ πλεῖόν τε ἀπὸ νοητῶν ἐπιβουλῶν ῥυσθέντες ἐτύγχανονἘσθὴρ καὶ Μαρδοχαῖος καὶ ὁ λαὸς ἤπερ ἀπὸ τοῦ Ἀμὰν καὶ τῶν συμπνεόντων τοῦ διαφθεῖραι τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτῆς θέλοντος ἄρχοντος τὴν δύναμιν διακεκόφει ἢ ἐκείνου τοῦ Ὀλοφέρνου.

Who would not acknowledge that in the spiritual blessing which comes home to all the saints and which Isaac spoke of to Jacob, “God give you of the rain of heaven,.” a higher rain had fallen to Ananiah and those with him than the material rain that overcame Nebuchadnezzar’s flame? Greater had been the muzzling of the unseen lions by the prophet Daniel so that they were unable to work anything against his soul, than that of the visible lions to which all of us who read the passage have understood it to refer.

τίς δ' οὐκ ἂν ὁμολογήσαι τῷ Ἀνανίᾳ καὶ τοῖς σὺν αὐτῷ τὴν νοητὴν εὐλογίαν φθάνουσαν ἐπὶ πάντας τοὺς ἁγίους, εἰρημένην ὑπὸ τοῦἸσαὰκ τῷἸακὼβ, τήν· < δῴη σοι ὁ θεὸς ἀπὸ τῆς δρόσου τοῦ οὐρανοῦ, > ἐπὶ πλεῖον ἐγγεγονέναι ἤπερ τὴν σωματικὴν δρόσον, τὴν φλόγα νικῶσαν τοῦ Ναβουχοδονόσορ; μᾶλλον δὲ πεφίμωντο τῷ προφήτῃ Δανιὴλ οἱ ἀόρατοι λέοντες, οὐ δὲν ἐνεργῆσαι δυνάμενοι κατὰ τῆς ψυχῆς αὐτοῦ, ἤπερ οἱ αἰσθητοὶ, περὶ ὧν πάντες οἱ ἐντυγχάνοντες αὐτῇ τῇ γραφῇ ἐξειλήφαμεν

And who as a saint, becoming a fit recipient of the holy spirit, had ever, like Jonah, escaped the belly of a monster that swallowed every fugitive from God and which has been defeated by Jesus our Savior?

. τίς δ' οὕτως ἐκπεφεύγει τοῦ κεχειρωμένου ὑπὸ τῷἸησοῦ τῷ σωτῆρι ἡμῶν κήτους τὴν γαστέρα, πάντα τὸν φυγάδα τοῦ θεοῦ καταπίνοντος, ὡς Ἰωνᾶς χωρητικὸς γινόμενος ὡς ἅγιος ἁγίου πνεύματος;

It need not cause surprise if, to keep the metaphor, the corresponding shadow is not given to all who receive objects capable of making shadows, while to some a shadow is what is given. Students of questions relating to sundials and of the relation of shadows to the illuminating body clearly observe what is the case with bodies generally, that at a particular time some projectors are shadowless, others are short shadowed, others are more or less long-shadowed.

17.1 Οὐ θαυμαστὸν δὲ εἰ μὲν πᾶσιν ὁμοίως τοῖς λαμβάνουσιν, ἵν' οὕτως εἴπω, τὰ ποιητικὰ τῶν τοιούτων σκιῶν σώματα ἡ ὁμοία οὐ δίδοται σκιὰ, τισὶ δ' ὁμοίως δίδοται σκιά. τοῦτο γὰρ τοῖς θεωροῦσι τὰ γνωμονικὰ προβλήματα καὶ τὸν τῶν σκιῶν πρὸς τὸ φωτίζον σῶμα λόγον σαφῶς παρίσταται συμβαῖνον καὶ κατὰ τὰ σώματα· τισὶ γοῦν ἄσκιοί εἰσιν οἱ γνώμονες καιρῷ τινι, ἑτέροις δὲ, ἵν' οὕτως εἴπω, βραχύσκιοι καὶ ἑτέροις παρ' ἑτέρους μακροσκιώτεροι.

It is therefore not astonishing that, as the Giver’s plan is to bestow the principal things in accordance with certain unutterable and mystic guiding principles and suitable to the recipients and occasions, when the principal objects are being given there should sometimes go with them no shadows at all for the recipients. At other times shadows are but few; at other times shadows which are smaller in comparison accompany different objects.

οὐ μέγα τοίνυν εἰ, τῆς προθέσεως τοῦ δωρουμένου τὰ προηγούμενα χαριζομένης κατά τινας ἀναλογίας ἀποῤῥήτους καὶ μυστικὰς ἁρμοζόντως τοῖς λαμβάνουσι καὶ τοῖς χρόνοις, ὅτε δίδοται τὰ προηγούμενα, ὁτὲ μὲν οὐδ' ὅλως αἱ σκιαὶ τοῖς λαμβάνουσιν ἕπονται ὁτὲ δὲ οὐ πάντων ἀλλὰ ὀλίγων ὁτὲ δὲ ἐλάττους συγκρίσει ἑτέρων, μειζόνων ἄλλοις ἐπακολουθουσῶν.

As the presence or absence of the shadow of bodies neither pleases nor pains the man whose object of search is solar beams, he possesses his chief necessity in being illumined or freed from shadow or in having more or less of shadow as the case may be. If the spiritual things are ours, and we are being illumined by God for complete possession of true blessings, we shall not quibble over a matter so paltry as concerns the shadow.

ὥσπερ οὖν τὸν ζητοῦντα τὰς ἡλιακὰς ἀκτῖνας οὔτε παροῦσα οὔτε ἀποῦσα ἡ τῶν σωμάτων σκιὰ εὐφραίνει ἢ λυπεῖ, ἔχοντα τὸ ἀναγκαιότατον, ἐπὰν πεφωτισμένος ἤτοι ἐστερημένος ᾖ τῆς σκιᾶς ἢ πλεῖον ἢ ἔλαττον ἔχῃ τῆς σκιᾶς· οὕτως ἂν παρῇ ἡμῖν τὰ πνευματικὰ καὶ φωτιζώμεθα ὑπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ πρὸς τὴν παντελῆ κτῆσιν τῶν ἀληθινῶν ἀγαθῶν, οὐ μικρολογήσομεν περὶ εὐτελοῦς πράγματος τοῦ κατὰ τὴν σκιάν.

For material and physical things count as fleeting feeble shadow, in no way comparable to the saving holy gifts of the God of All. What comparison is there between material riches and the riches that are in every word and all wisdom? Who in his senses would compare health of flesh and bone with health of mind, strength of soul, and consistency of thought—things which, if kept in measure by God’s word, make bodily sufferings a paltry scratch, and even slighter if we can grasp it.

πάντα γὰρ τὰ ὑλικὰ καὶ τὰ σωματικὰ, ὁποῖά ποτε ἂν τυγχάνῃ, σκιᾶς ἀμενηνοῦ καὶ ἀδρανοῦς ἔχει λόγον, οὐδαμῶς δυνάμενα παραβάλλεσθαι πρὸς τὰς σωτηρίους τοῦ θεοῦ τῶν ὅλων καὶ ἁγίας δωρεάς. ποία γὰρ σύγκρισις σωματικοῦ πλούτου πρὸς τὸν < ἐν παντὶ λόγῳ > πλοῦτον < καὶ πάσῃ > σοφίᾳ; τίς δ' ἂν μὴ μαινόμενος παραβάλοι ὑγείαν σαρκῶν καὶ ὀστέων πρὸς ὑγιαίνοντα νοῦν καὶ ἐῤῥωμένην ψυχὴν καὶ συμμέτρους λογισμούς; ἅτινα πάντα λόγῳ ῥυθμιζόμενα θεοῦ εὐτελῆ τινα ἀμυχὴν, καὶ εἴ τι ἀμυχῆς βραχύτερον νομίζομεν, ποιεῖ τὰ σωματικὰ παθήματα.

He that has discerned the meaning of the beauty of the bride whom the bridegroom Word of God loves, a soul blooming with more than heavenly and more than mundane beauty, will be ashamed to dignify with the same name of beauty the physical beauty of woman or child or man. For of beauty in the strict sense flesh is not capable, being deformity throughout. For all flesh is as grass, and the glory thereof, which is manifest in the so called beauty of women and children, is according to the prophet’s language compared to a flower, “All people are grass, their constancy is like the flower of the field. The grass withers, the flower fades, when the breath of the LORD blows upon it; surely the people are grass. The grass withers, the flower fades; but the word of our God will stand forever.”

17.2 ὁ δὲ κατανοήσας τί ποτ' ᾖ τὸ κάλλος τῆς νύμφης, ἧς ὁ < νυμφίος > λόγος ὢν θεοῦ ἐρᾷ, ψυχῆς τυγχανούσης ἀνθούσης ὑπερουρανίῳ καὶ ὑπερκοσμίῳ κάλλει, αἰδεσθήσεται κἂν τῷ αὐτῷ ὀνόματι τοῦ κάλλους τιμῆσαι σωματικὸν κάλλος γυναικὸς ἢ παιδὸς ἢ ἀνδρός· τὸ γὰρ κυρίως κάλλος σὰρξ οὐ χωρεῖ, πᾶσα τυγχάνουσα αἶσχος. < πᾶσα > γὰρ < σὰρξ ὡς χόρτος, > καὶ ἡ < δόξα > αὐτῆς, ἥτις ἐστὶν ἐμφαινομένη τῷ λεγομένῳ κάλλει γυναικῶν καὶ παιδίων, ἄνθει κατὰ τὸν προφητικὸν παραβέβληται λόγον, λέγοντα· < πᾶσα σὰρξ ὡς χόρτος, καὶ πᾶσα δόξα αὐτῆς ὡς ἄνθος χόρτου. ἐξηράνθη ὁ χόρτος, καὶ τὸ ἄνθος ἐξέπεσε· τὸ δὲ ῥῆμα τοῦ κυρίου μένει εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα. >

Again, who that has perceived the nobility of the sons of God shall any longer give the name of nobility to what passes as such among men? After contemplating Christ’s kingship over kings, how shall the mind not dispel all kingship upon earth? When the human mind, so far as capable while still bound to a body, has once beheld as clearly as may be an army of angels, and among them chief-commanders of the Lord’s hosts, and archangels and thrones and lordships and principalities and more than heavenly authorities, and has come to understand that it can obtain from the Father their equivalent, how shall it not despise those things which though frailer than shadow are the admiration of the foolish, even if they should all be given to it, as most shadowy and in comparison insignificant, and look beyond in order not to fall short of obtaining the true principalities and diviner authorities?

ἀλλὰ καὶ εὐγένειαν τίς ἔτι κυρίως ὀνομάσει τὴν τετριμμένην λέγεσθαι παρὰ ἀνθρώποις, νοήσας εὐγένειαν υἱῶν θεοῦ; < βασιλείαν > δὲ Χριστοῦ < ἀσάλευτον > θεωρήσας ὁ νοῦς πῶς οὐ καταφρονήσει ὡς οὐδενὸς λόγου ἀξίας πάσης τῆς ἐπὶ γῆς βασιλείας; στρατιάν τε ἀγγέλων καὶ ἀρχιστρατήγους ἐν αὐτοῖς δυνάμεων κυρίου ἀρχαγγέλους τε καὶ θρόνους καὶ κυριότητας καὶ ἀρχὰς καὶ ἐξουσίας ὑπερουρανίους, ὡς χωρεῖ ὁ ἔτι δεδεμένος σώματι ἀνθρώπινος νοῦς, κατὰ τὸ δυνατὸν τρανῶς ἰδὼν καὶ κατειληφὼς δύνασθαι ἰσοτίμου παρὰ τοῦ πατρὸς ἐκείνοις τυχεῖν, πῶς οὐχὶ, κἂν σκιᾶς ἀδρανέστερος ᾖ, καὶ τούτων τῶν παρὰ τοῖς ἀνοήτοις θαυμαζομένων ὡς ἀμαυροτάτων καὶ οὐδενὸς λόγου ἀξίων συγκρίσει καταφρονῶν, κἂν διδῶται ταῦτα πάντα, ὑπερόψεται ὑπὲρ τοῦ τῶν ἀληθινῶν ἀρχῶν καὶ θειοτέρων ἐξουσιῶν μὴ ἀποτυχεῖν;

We should therefore pray for the principal and truly great and heavenly things, and as for those concerned with the shadows accompanying the principal, commit them to the God who knows before we ask Him what things, by reason if our perishable body, we have need.

εὐκτέον τοίνυν, εὐκτέον περὶ τῶν προηγουμένως καὶ ἀληθῶς μεγάλων καὶ ἐπουρανίων, καὶ τὰ περὶ τῶν ἐπακολουθουσῶν σκιῶν τοῖς προηγουμένοις θεῷ ἐπιτρεπτέον, τῷ ἐπισταμένῳ < ὧν χρείαν > διὰ τὸ ἐπίκηρον σῶμα ἔχομεν < πρὸ τοῦ > ἡμᾶς < αἰτῆσαι αὐτόν. >

THE LORD’S PRAYER: THE PREFACE IN MATTHEW

What I have said, according to my capacity to receive the grace which has been given by God through His Christ, and as I trust in the Holy Spirit also—whether it be so you will judge when you read it—may suffice by way of examination of the general subject of prayer. I shall now proceed to the next task, to consider how full of meaning is the prayer outlined by the Lord.

18.1 Αὐτάρκως δὴ ἐν τούτοις, κατὰ τὴν δεδομένην χάριν, ὡς κεχωρήκαμεν, ὑπὸ θεοῦ διὰ τοῦ Χριστοῦ αὐτοῦ ?ἀλλ' εἴθε καὶ ἐν ἁγίῳ πνεύματι, ὅπερ εἰ οὕτως ἔχει, κρινεῖτε ἐντυγχάνοντες τῇ γραφῇ  ἡμῖν εἰρημένοις, ἐξετάσαντες τὸ περὶ εὐχῆς πρόβλημα, ἤδη καὶ ἐπὶ τὸν ἑξῆς ἆθλον ἐλευσόμεθα, τὴν ὑπογραφεῖσαν ὑπὸ τοῦ κυρίου προσευχὴν, ὅσης δυνάμεως πεπλήρωται, θεωρῆσαι βουλόμενοι.

It is first of all to be observed that to most people Matthew and Luke might seem to have recorded the same prayer sketched as a pattern for right prayer. Matthew’s words run thus:

18.2 καὶ πρὸ πάντων γε παρατηρητέον ὅτι ὁ Ματθαῖος καὶ ὁ Λουκᾶς δόξαιεν ἂν τοῖς πολλοῖς τὴν αὐτὴν ἀναγεγραφέναι ὑποτετυπωμένην πρὸς τὸ δεῖν οὕτως προσεύχεσθαι προσευχήν. ἔχουσι δὲ αἱ λέξεις τοῦ μὲν Ματθαίου τὸν τρόπον τοῦτον· <{

Our Father in heaven, hallowed be your name. Your kingdom come. Your will be done, on earth as it is in heaven. Give us this day our daily bread. And forgive us our debts, as we also have forgiven our debtors. And do not bring us to the time of trial, but rescue us from the evil one.

πάτερ ἡμῶν ὁ ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς, ἁγιασθήτω τὸ ὄνομά σου· ἐλθέτω ἡ βασιλεία σου· γενηθήτω τὸ θέλημά σου ὡς ἐν οὐρανῷ καὶ ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς· τὸν ἄρτον ἡμῶν τὸν ἐπιούσιον δὸς ἡμῖν σήμερον· καὶ ἄφες ἡμῖν τὰ ὀφειλήματα ἡμῶν, ὡς καὶ ἡμεῖς ἀφήκαμεν τοῖς ὀφειλέταις ἡμῶν· καὶ μὴ εἰσενέγκῃς ἡμᾶς εἰς πειρασμὸν, ἀλλὰ ῥῦσαι ἡμᾶς ἀπὸ τοῦ πονηροῦ }, >

But Luke’s run as follows:

τοῦ δὲ Λουκᾶ οὕτως·

Father, hallowed be your name. Your kingdom come. Give us each day our daily bread. And forgive us our sins, for we ourselves forgive everyone indebted to us. And do not bring us to the time of trial.

<{ πάτερ, ἁγιασθήτω τὸ ὄνομά σου· ἐλθέτω ἡ βασιλεία σου· τὸν ἄρτον ἡμῶν τὸν ἐπιούσιον δίδου ἡμῖν τὸ καθ' ἡμέραν· καὶ ἄφες ἡμῖν τὰς ἁμαρτίας ἡμῶν, καὶ γὰρ αὐτοὶ ἀφίεμεν παντὶ τῷ ὀφείλοντι ἡμῖν· καὶ μὴ εἰσενέγκῃς ἡμᾶς εἰς πειρασμόν > . >

To those who suppose it to be the same prayer we may reply that the utterances, though they certainly resemble one another, also appear to differ, as I shall set forth in investigating them. In the second place it is not possible that the same prayer should be said on the mountain where “When Jesus saw the crowds, he went up the mountain; and after he sat down, his disciples came to him. Then he began to speak, and taught them, saying”—for it is in the course of the recital of the Beatitudes and the subsequent injunctions that it is found recorded in Matthew. It also have been said, “He was praying in a certain place, and after he had finished, one of his disciples said to him, “Lord, teach us to pray, as John taught his disciples.”

18.3 λεκτέον δὲ πρὸς τοὺς οὕτως ὑπολαμβάνοντας ὅτι πρῶτον μὲν τὰ ῥήματα, εἰ καὶ γειτνιῶντά τινα ἔχει ἀλλήλοις, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐν ἄλλοις διαφέρειν φαίνεται, ὡς ἐρευνῶντες αὐτὰ παραστήσομεν· δεύτερον δὲ ὅτι οὐχ οἷόν τε ἐστὶ τὴν αὐτὴν προσευχὴν καὶ ἐν τῷ ὄρει λέγεσθαι, ἔνθα < ἰδὼν τοὺς ὄχλους ἀνέβη, > ὅτε < καθίσαντος αὐτοῦ προσῆλθον αὐτῷ οἱ μαθηταὶ αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἀνοίξας τὸ στόμα αὐτοῦ ἐδίδασκεν > ?ἐν γὰρ τῷ εἱρμῷ τῆς περὶ τῶν μακαρισμῶν ἀπαγγελίας καὶ τῶν ἑξῆς ἐντολῶν παρὰ τῷ Ματθαίῳ αὕτη ἀναγεγραμμένη εὑρίσκεται , καὶ < ἐν τῷ εἶναι αὐτὸν ἐν τόπῳ τινὶ προσευχόμενον, ὡς ἐπαύσατο, > εἰρῆσθαι πρός τινα < τῶν μαθητῶν > ἀξιώσαντα διδαχθῆ ναι < προσεύχεσθαι, ὡς καὶ Ἰωάννης ἐδίδασκε τοὺς μαθητὰς αὐτοῦ. >

It is surely impossible that the same words should be described as having been spoken in the course of continuous utterance without any question to precede them and as being announced in response to a disciple’s request. One might, however, say the prayers are equivalent and were spoken as one. On the one occasion in continuous discourse, on the other in response to the request of a different disciple who in all likelihood was not present when He spoke the form in Matthew or had not mastered what had earlier been spoken. But perhaps it is better that the prayers be regarded as different, with certain portions in common.

πῶς γὰρ ἐνδέχεται τοὺς αὐτοὺς λόγους χωρὶς πάσης προγενομένης πεύσεως ἀποτακτικῶς εἰρῆσθαι καὶ πρὸς ἀξίωσιν μαθητοῦ ἀπαγγέλλεσθαι; ἀλλ' ἴσως τις εἴποι ἂν πρὸς τοῦτο ὅτι ἰσοδυναμοῦσαί εἰσιν αἱ εὐχαὶ εἰρημέναι ὡς μία, ὁτὲ μὲν ἐν ἀποτατικῷ λόγῳ ὁτὲ δὲ πρὸς ἕτερον τῶν μαθητῶν τὸν ἀξιώσαντα, κατὰ τὸ εἰκὸς τότε μὴ παρόντα, ὅτε ἔλεγε τὸ κατὰ τὸν Ματθαῖον, ἢ μὴ κεκρατηκότα τῶν εἰρημένων πάλαι· μή ποτε δὲ βέλτιον ᾖ διαφόρους νομίζεσθαι τὰς προσευχὰς, κοινά τινα ἐχούσας μέρη.

In Mark, though I have searched there also in case the record of an equivalent should escape me, I have not found so much as a vestige of a prayer contained.

ζητήσαντες δὲ καὶ παρὰ τῷ Μάρκῳ, μή ποτε λανθάνῃ ἡμᾶς ἡ τοιαύτη ἰσοδυναμοῦσα ἀναγεγραμμένη, οὐδ' ἴχνος ἐγκείμενον προσευχῆς εὕρομεν.

I have already said that before praying one must first be composed and disposed in a particular manner. Let us therefore glance at the words preceding the prayer contained in Matthew, which were uttered by our Savior. They are as follows:

19.1Ἐπεὶ δὲ, ὡς ἐν τοῖς ἀνωτέροις εἰρήκαμεν, πρῶτον δεῖ καταστῆναί πως καὶ διατεθῆναι τὸν προσευχόμενον εἶθ' οὕτως εὔξασθαι, ἴδωμεν πρὸ τῆς ἐγκειμένης προσευχῆς παρὰ τῷ Ματθαίῳ τοὺς περὶ αὐτῆς ὑπὸ τοῦ σωτῆρος ἡμῶν ἀπηγγελμένους <λόγους>, οἵτινες οὕτως ἔχουσιν·

And whenever you pray, do not be like the hypocrites; for they love to stand and pray in the synagogues and at the street corners, so that they may be seen by others.Truly I tell you, they have received their reward. But whenever you pray, go into your room and shut the door and pray to your Father who is in secret; and your Father who sees in secret will reward you. When you are praying, do not heap up empty phrases as the Gentiles do; for they think that they will be heard because of their many words. Do not be like them, for your Father knows what you need before you ask him. Pray then in this way:

< ὅταν προσεύχησθε, οὐκ ἔσεσθε ὥσπερ οἱ ὑποκριταί· ὅτι φιλοῦσιν ἐν ταῖς συναγωγαῖς καὶ ἐν ταῖς γωνίαις τῶν πλατειῶν ἑστῶτες προσεύχεσθαι, ὅπως φανῶσι τοῖς ἀνθρώποις. ἀμὴν λέγω ὑμῖν ὅτι ἀπέχουσι τὸν μισθὸν αὐτῶν. σὺ δὲ ὅταν προσεύχῃ, εἴσελθε εἰς τὸ ταμεῖόν σου καὶ κλείσας τὴν θύραν σου πρόσευξαι τῷ πατρί σου τῷ ἐν τῷ κρυπτῷ, καὶ ὁ πατήρ σου ὁ βλέπων σε ἐν τῷ κρυπτῷ ἀποδώσει σοι. προσευχόμενοι δὲ μὴ βαττολογήσητε ὥσπερ οἱ ἐθνικοί· δοκοῦσι γὰρ ὅτι ἐν τῇ πολυλογίᾳ αὐτῶν εἰσακουσθήσονται. μὴ οὖν ὁμοιωθῆτε αὐτοῖς· οἶδε γὰρ ὁ πατὴρ ὑμῶν ὧν χρείαν ἔχετε πρὸ τοῦ ὑμᾶς αἰτῆσαι αὐτόν. οὕτως οὖν προσεύχεσθε ὑμεῖς. >

Our Savior often appears as inveighing against the love of glory as a deadly passion, just as He has done in this place where He dissuades us from the practice of actors at the season of prayer, for it is a practice of actors rather to plume themselves in piety before men rather than to have communion with God.

19.2 πολλαχοῦ τοίνυν φαίνεται ὁ σωτὴρ ἡμῶν ἐνιστάμενος ὡς πρὸς ὀλέθριον πάθος τὴν φιλοδοξίαν· ὅπερ καὶ ἐνθάδε πεποίηκεν, ἀποτρέπων κατὰ τὸν καιρὸν τῆς εὐχῆς ὑποκριτῶν ἔργον ἐπιτελεῖν· ὑποκριτῶν γὰρ ἔργον ἐστὶ τὸ τοῖς ἀνθρώποις ἐναβρύνεσθαι ἐπ' εὐσεβείᾳ θέλειν ἢ τῷ κοινωνικῷ.

Remembering then the words, “How can you believe when you accept glory from one another and do not seek the glory that comes from the one who alone is God?” we ought to despise all glory with men even though it be thought honorably gained and to seek the strict and true glory which is from Him alone who glorifies the deserving in a manner becoming to Himself and exceeding the desert of the person glorified. The very act which would in itself be thought honorable and is thought praiseworthy is polluted when we do it to be glorified by men or to appear to men, and on that account it is attended by no recompense from God. Unerring as the whole of Jesus’ language is, it becomes even more so when it is spoken with His accustomed oath.

δέον δὲ μεμνημένους τοῦ < πῶς δύνασθε πιστεῦσαι ὑμεῖς, δόξαν παρὰ ἀνθρώπων λαβόντες, καὶ τὴν δόξαν τὴν παρὰ τοῦ μόνου θεοῦ οὐ ζητεῖτε; > πάσης τῆς παρὰ ἀνθρώποις δόξης, κἂν ἐπὶ τῷ καλῷ γίνεσθαι νομίζηται, καταφρονεῖν καὶ ζητεῖν τὴν κυρίαν δόξαν καὶ ἀληθῆ τὴν ἀπὸ τοῦ μόνου τὸν τῆς δόξης ἄξιον πρεπόντως ἑαυτῷ ὑπὲρ τὴν ἀξίαν τοῦ δοξαζομένου δοξάζοντος. καὶ αὐτὸ οὖν τὸ νομισθὲν ἂν καλὸν εἶναι καὶ ἐπαινετὸν μολύνεται νομιζόμενον γίνεσθαι, ὅτε, < ὅπως > δοξασθῶμεν < ὑπὸ τῶν ἀνθρώπων > ἢ < ὅπως > φανῶμεν < τοῖς ἀνθρώποις, > ποιοῦμεν αὐτό· διόπερ οὐδεμία ἐπὶ τούτῳ ἀπὸ θεοῦ ἀμοιβὴ ἡμῖν ἕπεται. ἀψευδὴς γὰρ πᾶς ὁ τοῦ Ἰησοῦ λόγος καὶ, εἰ δεῖ βιαζόμενον εἰπεῖν, ἀψευδέστερος γίνεται, ἐπὰν μετὰ τοῦ συνήθους αὐτοῦ ὅρκου λέγηται.

Of those who for human glory seem to do good to their neighbor, or pray in synagogues and at broadway corners, he says. “Truly I tell you, they have received their reward.” For as the rich man according to Luke had good things in his human life, being no longer capable of obtaining them after the present life because he had had them, so he that has his reward, as having sown not “unto the spirit” but “unto the flesh” shall “reap corruption” but shall not “reap eternal life” in his giving or in his prayers.

φησὶ δὲ περὶ τῶν δι' ἀνθρωπίνην δόξαν εὖ τὸν πέλας δοκούντων ποιεῖν ἢ < ἐν ταῖς συναγωγαῖς καὶ ταῖς γωνίαις τῶν πλατειῶν > προσευχομένων, < ὅπως φανῶσι τοῖς ἀνθρώποις, > τὸ αὐτό· < ἀμὴν λέγω ὑμῖν, ἀπέχουσι τὸν μισθὸν αὐτῶν. > ὥσπερ γὰρ ἀπέσχεν ὁ κατὰ Λουκᾶν πλούσιος < τὰ ἀγαθὰ > < ἐν τῇ > ἑαυτοῦ ἀνθρωπίνῃ < ζωῇ, > διὰ τὸ ἀπεσχηκέναι ταῦτα οὐκέτι χωρῶν τυχεῖν αὐτῶν μετὰ τὸν ἐνεστηκότα βίον· οὕτως ὁ ἀπέχων ἑαυτοῦ < τὸν μισθὸν, > εἴ τι δώσει τινὶ ἢ ἐν εὐχαῖς, ἅτε μὴ σπείρας < εἰς τὸ πνεῦμα > ἀλλὰ < εἰς τὴν σάρκα, > < θερίσει > μὲν τὴν < φθορὰν, > οὐ < θερίσει > δὲ τὴν < αἰώνιον ζωήν. >

It is sowing unto the flesh when one does alms, with trumpeting before him, in synagogues and thoroughfares to be glorified by men, or likes to pray standing in synagogues and at broadway corners to appear to men and thought a pious and a holy person among the onlookers.

< εἰς τὴν σάρκα > δὲ σπείρει ὁ < ἐν ταῖς συναγωγαῖς καὶ ταῖς ῥύμαις, ὅπως > δοξασθῇ < ὑπὸ τῶν ἀνθρώπων, > ποιῶν < ἐλεημοσύνην > μετὰ σαλπισμοῦ τοῦ < ἔμπροσθεν > ἑαυτοῦ, ἢ ὁ φιλῶν < ἐν ταῖς συναγωγαῖς καὶ ταῖς γωνίαις τῶν πλατειῶν > ἑστὼς < προσεύχεσθαι, ὅπως > φανεὶς < τοῖς ἀνθρώποις > εὐσεβής τις καὶ ὅσιος εἶναι παρὰ τοῖς ἑωρακόσι νομισθῇ.

Indeed every wayfarer along the broad and spacious way leading to destruction without rightness or straightness but crooked and cornered throughout, (for the straight line is broken in it to the utmost), is standing no less than he who prays at broadway corners, not in one but through his love of pleasure in a number of streets in which beings who as men are perishing because they have fallen away from their divinity, are to be found glorifying and pronouncing blessed those whom they have thought to act piously.

19.3 ἀλλὰ καὶ πᾶς ὁ τὴν πλατεῖαν καὶ εὐρύχωρον ὁδεύων ὁδὸν, τὴν ἀπάγουσαν ἐπὶ < τὴν ἀπώλειαν, > οὐδὲν ὀρθὸν καὶ εὐθὲς ἔχουσαν ἀλλὰ πᾶσαν σκολιὰν τυγχάνουσαν καὶ γεγωνιωμένην ?κέκλασται γὰρ ἐπὶ πλεῖστον ἡ εὐθεῖα , ἐν αὐτῇ ἕστηκεν οὐ καλῶς, < ἐν ταῖς γωνίαις τῶν πλατειῶν > προσευχόμενος, διὰ τῆς φιληδονίας οὐχὶ ἐν μιᾷ ἀλλ' ἐν πλείοσι γινόμενος πλατείαις· ἐν αἷς οἱ < ὡς ἄνθρωποι > ἀποθνῄσκοντες διὰ τὸ τῆς θεότητος ἀποπεπτωκέναι τυγχάνουσι δοξάζοντες καὶ μακαρίζοντες τοὺς ἐν ταῖς πλατείαις ἀσεβεῖν αὐτοῖς νενομισμένους.

There are always many who are rather pleasure-loving than God-loving in their seeming prayer who debauch prayer amid banqueting and carousing, standing in truth at the broadway corners and praying. For everyone who has made pleasure his rule of life has in his passion for the spacious fallen out of the narrow straitened way of Jesus Christ that is without a single bend and has no corner at all.

πολλοὶ δὲ ἀεὶ οἱ φαινόμενοι ἐν τῷ προσεύχεσθαι < φιλήδονοι μᾶλλον ἢ φιλόθεοι, > ἐν μέσοις τοῖς συμποσίοις καὶ παρὰ ταῖς μέθαις ἐμπαροινοῦντες τῇ προσευχῇ, ἀληθῶς < ἐν ταῖς γωνίαις τῶν πλατειῶν ἑστῶτες > καὶ προσευχόμενοι· πᾶς γὰρ ὁ κατὰ τὴν ἡδονὴν βιοὺς, τὸ εὐρύχωρον ἀγαπήσας ἐκπέπτωκε τῆς στενῆς καὶ τεθλιμμένης ὁδοῦἸησοῦ Χριστοῦ, οὐδὲ τὴν τυχοῦσαν ἐχούσης κάμπην καὶ οὐδὲ ὅλως γεγωνιωμένης.

There is a certain difference between Church and Synagogue. The church in the strict sense is without “a spot or wrinkle or anything of the kind,.” is holy and blameless. Into it enters neither child of harlot, nor eunuch or emasculate, nor yet Egyptian or Edomite unless sons born to them in the third generation enables them with difficulty to join the church, nor Moabite and Ammonite, unless the tenth generation is complete and the aeon passed.

20.1 Εἰ δέ ἐστι τὶς διαφορὰ ἐκκλησίας καὶ συναγωγῆς ?τῆς μὲν κυρίως ἐκκλησίας οὐκ ἐχούσης < σπῖλον ἢ ῥυτίδα ἤ τι τῶν τοιούτων ἀλλὰ > ἁγίας καὶ ἀμώμου τυγχανούσης, εἰς ἣν οὔτε ὁ < ἐκ πόρνης > εἰσέρχεται οὔτε ὁ < θλαδίας > ἢ < ἀποκεκομμένος > ἀλλ' οὐδὲ Αἰγύπτιος ἢ Ἰδουμαῖος, ἐὰν μὴ υἱῶν γεννηθέντων αὐτοῖς διὰ τὴν τρίτην γενεὰν μόλις δυνηθῶσιν ἐφαρμόσαι τῇ ἐκκλησίᾳ, οὐδὲ ὁ < Μωαβίτης > καὶ <Ἀμμανίτης, > ἐὰν μὴ δεκάτη γενεὰ πληρωθῇ καὶ ὁ αἰὼν τελεσθῇ·

The Synagogue on the other hand may be built by a centurion, as was the case in times preceding the sojourn of Jesus when as yet witness had not yet been borne that the man possessed faith such as the Son of God did not find even in Israel. Now he who likes to pray in synagogues is not far from broadway corners. But it is not so with the saint, for he loves, not likes to pray, in churches, not broadway corners, in the straightness of the narrow straitened way, not to appear to men, but to present himself before the Lord God, a male in the sense that he observes the acceptable year of the Lord and keeps the commandment which says, “Thrice in the year shall every male present himself before the Lord God.”

 τῆς δὲ συναγωγῆς ὑπὸ ἑκατοντάρχου οἰκοδομουμένης, ἐν τοῖς πρὸ τῆς Ἰησοῦ ἐπιδημίας χρόνοις τοῦτο ποιοῦντος, ὅτε οὐδέπω μεμαρτύρηται < πίστιν > ἔχειν, ὁπόσην < οὐδὲ ἐν τῷ Ἰσραὴλ > εὗρεν ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ , ὁ φιλῶν δὴ < προσεύχεσθαι > < ἐν ταῖς συναγωγαῖς > οὐ μακράν ἐστι τῶν γωνιῶν < τῶν πλατειῶν. > ἀλλ' οὐχ ὁ ἅγιος τοιοῦτος· οὐ φιλεῖ γὰρ < προσεύχεσθαι > ἀλλὰ ἀγαπᾷ, καὶ οὐκ < ἐν συναγωγαῖς > ἀλλ' ἐν ἐκκλησίαις, καὶ οὐκ < ἐν γωνίαις πλατειῶν > ἀλλ' ἐν τῇ εὐθύτητι τῆς στενῆς καὶ τεθλιμμένης ὁδοῦ, ἀλλὰ καὶ οὐχ ἵνα φανῇ < τοῖς ἀνθρώποις > ἀλλ' ἵν' ὀφθῇ < ἐνώπιον κυρίου τοῦ θεοῦ. > ἄῤῥην γάρ ἐστι τὸν < δεκτὸν ἐνιαυτὸν κυρίου > νοῶν καὶ τὴν ἐντολὴν τηρῶν τὴν λέγουσαν· < τρὶς τοῦ ἐνιαυτοῦ ὀφθήσεται πᾶν ἀρσενικὸν ἐνώπιον κυρίου τοῦ θεοῦ. >

We are to attend to the word “appear” carefully, since no appearance is a good inasmuch as it only seems to exist and not in truth, and misleads the senses and expresses nothing exactly and truly. As actors of plays in theatres are not what they profess nor are really what the mask they wear makes them look like, so too all who appear to assume the outward sensible form of goodness and are not righteous but actors of righteousness, acting moreover in a theatre of their own—namely synagogues and broadway corners. But he that is no actor but has cast off all that is alien to him and sets himself to please in that theatre which is inconceivably greater than any which has been mentioned, enters into his own storeroom to the riches therein treasured up, and shuts up after him his treasury of wisdom and knowledge.

 20.2 ἐπιμελῶς δὲ ἀκουστέον τοῦ < φανῶσιν, > ἐπεὶ οὐδὲν φαινόμενον καλόν ἐστιν, οἱονεὶ δοκήσει ὂν καὶ οὐκ ἀληθῶς καὶ τὴν φαντασίαν πλανῶν ἀλλ' οὐκ ἀκριβῶς καὶ ἀληθῶς ἐκτυποῦν. ὥσπερ δὲ οἱ ἐν τοῖς θεάτροις δραμάτων τινῶν ὑποκριταὶ οὐχ ὅπερ λέγουσίν εἰσιν, οὐδ' ὅπερ βλέπονται καθ' ὃ περίκεινται πρόσωπον τοῦτο τυγχάνουσιν· οὕτως καὶ πάντες οἱ ἐπιμορφάζοντες τῷ δοκεῖν τὴν τοῦ καλοῦ φαντασίαν οὐ δίκαιοι ἀλλ' ὑποκριταί εἰσι δικαιοσύνης, καὶ αὐτοὶ ἐν ἰδίῳ θεάτρῳ ὑποκρινόμενοι, < ταῖς συναγωγαῖς καὶ ταῖς γωνίαις τῶν πλατειῶν. > ὁ δὲ μὴ ὑποκριτὴς ἀλλὰ πᾶν τὸ ἀλλότριον ἀποθέμενος, ἐν τῷ παντὸς τοῦ προειρημένου θεάτρου καθ' ὑπερβολὴν μείζονι ἑαυτὸν ἀρέσκειν εὐτρεπίζων, εἰσέρχεται εἰς τὸ ἑαυτοῦ < ταμεῖον, > ἐπὶ τοῦ ἐναποτεθησαυρισμένου πλούτου τὸν < τῆς σοφίας καὶ γνώσεως >

Never turning his glance outwards or doting on things outside, having shut up every door of the senses that he may not be drawn away by sensations or have their sensible presentation stealing into his mind, prays to the Father who does not shun or desert a place so secret but dwells in it, the Only Begotten also being present with Him. For He says “I and the Father will come unto him and make abode with him.” And plainly, if we do pray thus, we shall be interceding not only with a God but also with a Father who is righteous, who does not desert us as His children but is present in our secret place and watches it and increases the contents of the storeroom if we shut up its door.

θησαυρὸν ἑαυτῷ ἀποκλείσας· καὶ μηδαμῶς ἔξω νεύων μηδὲ περὶ τὰ ἔξω κεχηνὼς πᾶσάν τε < τὴν θύραν > τῶν αἰσθητηρίων ἀποκλείσας, ἵνα μὴ ἕλκηται ὑπὸ τῶν αἰσθήσεων μηδὲ ἐκείνων ἡ φαντασία τῷ νῷ αὐτοῦ ἐπεισκρίνηται, προσεύχεται τῷ τὸ τοιοῦτον κρυπτὸν μὴ φεύγοντι μηδὲ ἐγκαταλείποντι πατρὶ ἀλλ' ἐν αὐτῷ κατοικοῦντι, συμπαρόντος αὐτῷ καὶ τοῦ μονογενοῦς. ἐγὼ γὰρ, φησὶ, < καὶ ὁ πατὴρ > < πρὸς αὐτὸν ἐλευσόμεθα καὶ μονὴν παρ' αὐτῷ ποιησόμεθα. > δῆλον δὲ ὅτι τῷ δικαίῳ, ἐὰν δὴ οὕτως εὐχώμεθα, οὐ μόνον θεῷ ἀλλὰ καὶ πατρὶ ἐντευξόμεθα, ὡς υἱῶν μὴ ἀπολειπομένῳ ἀλλὰ παρόντι ἡμῶν < τῷ κρυπτῷ > καὶ ἐφορῶντι αὐτὸ καὶ πλείονα τὰ ἐν τῷ ταμείῳ ποιοῦντι, ἐὰν αὐτοῦ < τὴν θύραν > ἀποκλείσωμεν.

When we pray let us not babble but use godly speech. We babble when, without scrutiny of ourselves or of the devotional words we are sending up, we speak of the corrupt in deed or word or thought, things which are mean and reprehensible and alien to the incorruptibleness of the Lord. He, then, that babbles in prayer is in a synagogic disposition worse than any yet described and in a harder way than those who are at broadway corners, preserving not as much as a vestige even of acting in goodness.

21.1 Ἀλλὰ προσευχόμενοι μὴ βαττολογήσωμεν ἀλλὰ θεολογήσωμεν. βαττολογοῦμεν δὲ, ὅτε μὴ μωμοσκοποῦντες ἑαυτοὺς ἢ τοὺς ἀναπεμπομένους τῆς εὐχῆς λόγους λέγομεν τὰ διεφθαρμένα ἔργα ἢ λόγους ἢ νοήματα, ταπεινὰ τυγχάνοντα καὶ ἐπίληπτα, τῆς ἀφθαρσίας ἀλλότρια τοῦ κυρίου. ὁ μέντοι βαττολογῶν ἐν τῷ εὔχεσθαι ἤδη καὶ ἐν τῇ χείρονι τῶν προειρημένων ἡμῖν συναγωγικῇ ἐστι καταστάσει τε <καὶ> χαλεπωτέρᾳ τῶν ἐν ταῖς πλατείαις γωνιῶν ὁδῷ οὐδὲ ἴχνος σῴζων κἂν ὑποκρίσεως ἀγαθοῦ.

For according to the passage in the Gospel only heathen babble, being quite insensible of great or heavenly petitions and therefore sending up every prayer for the material and the external. To a babbling heathen, then, is he like who asks for things below from the Lord who dwells in heaven and above the heights of the heavens.

βαττολογοῦσι γὰρ κατὰ τὴν λέξιν τοῦ εὐαγγελίου μόνοι < οἱ ἐθνικοὶ, > οὐδὲ φαντασίαν μεγάλων ἔχοντες ἢ ἐπουρανίων αἰτημάτων, πᾶσαν εὐχὴν <περὶ> τῶν σωματικῶν καὶ τῶν ἐκτὸς ἀναπέμποντες. ἐθνικῷ οὖν βαττολογοῦντι ὁμοιοῦται ὁ τὰ κάτω ἀπὸ τοῦ ἐν οὐρανοῖς καὶ ὑπὲρ τὰ ὕψη τῶν οὐρανῶν κατοικοῦντος κυρίου αἰτῶν.

He who is wordy also seems to be a babbler and he who babbles to be wordy. There is no unity in matter and in bodily substances, but every such supposed unity is split up and divided and disintegrated into many units to the loss of its union. Good is one; many are the base. Truth is one; many are the false. True righteousness is one; many are the states that act it as a part. God’s wisdom is one; many are the wisdoms of this age and of the rulers of this age which come to nought. The word of God is one, but many are the words alien to God.

21.2 καὶ ἔοικέ γε ὁ πολυλογῶν βαττολογεῖν, καὶ ὁ βαττολογῶν πολυλογεῖν. οὐδὲν γὰρ ἓν τῆς ὕλης καὶ τῶν σωμάτων, ἀλλ' ἕκαστον τῶν νομιζομένων ἓν ἔσχισται καὶ διακέκοπται καὶ διῄρηται εἰς πλείονα τὴν ἕνωσιν ἀπολωλεκός· ἓν γὰρ τὸ ἀγαθὸν πολλὰ δὲ τὰ αἰσχρὰ, καὶ ἓν ἡ ἀλήθεια πολλὰ δὲ τὰ ψευδῆ, καὶ ἓν ἡ ἀληθὴς δικαιοσύνη, πολλαὶ δὲ ἕξεις ταύτην ὑποκρίνονται, καὶ ἓν ἡ τοῦ θεοῦ σοφία, πολλαὶ δὲ αἱ καταργούμεναι < τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου > καὶ < τῶν ἀρχόντων τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου, > καὶ εἷς μὲν ὁ τοῦ θεοῦ λόγος, πολλοὶ δὲ οἱ ἀλλότριοι τοῦ θεοῦ.

Therefore no one shall escape Sin as the result of wordiness, and no one who thinks to be heard as the result of wordiness can be heard. For this reason we ought not to make our prayers like heathen babbling or wordiness or other practice after the likeness of the serpent, for the God of saints, being a Father, knows of what things His children have need, since such things are worthy of Fatherly knowledge.

διὰ τοῦτο οὐδεὶς ἐκφεύξεται < ἁμαρτίαν > < ἐκ πολυλογίας, > καὶ οὐδεὶς δοκῶν < ἐκ πολυλογίας > εἰσακουσθήσεσθαι εἰσακούεσθαι δύναται. διόπερ οὐχ ὁμοιωτέον ἐστὶ τὰς εὐχὰς ἡμῶν τοῖς ἐθνικοῖς βαττολογοῦσιν ἢ πολυλογοῦσιν ἢ ὅ τι δή ποτε πράττουσι < κατὰ τὴν ὁμοίωσιν τοῦ ὄφεως > · < οἶδε γὰρ > ὁ τῶν ἁγίων θεὸς, < πατὴρ > ὢν, < ὧν χρείαν > ἔχουσιν οἱ υἱοὶ αὐτοῦ, ἐπεὶ ἄξια τυγχάνει τῆς πατρικῆς γνώσεως.

He who knows not God knows not the things of God also—knows not the things of which he has need, for the things of which he thinks he has need are mistaken. But he who has contemplated the better and diviner things of which he is in need shall obtain the objects of his contemplation which are known by God and which have been known by the Father even before asking. After these remarks upon the preface to the prayer in the Gospel according to Matthew, let us now proceed to consider what the prayer sets forth.

εἰ δέ τις ἀγνοεῖ τὸν θεὸν, καὶ τὰ τοῦ θεοῦ ἀγνοεῖ, ἀγνοεῖ δὲ τὰ < ὧν χρείαν > ἔχει· διημαρτημένα γάρ ἐστι τὰ < ὧν χρείαν > ἔχειν νομίζει· ὁ δὲ τεθεωρηκὼς ὧν ἐστιν ἐνδεὴς κρειττόνων καὶ θειοτέρων, γινωσκομένων ὑπὸ θεοῦ τεύξεται ὧν τεθεώρηκε καὶ ἐγνωσμένων τῷ πατρὶ καὶ πρὸ τῆς αἰτήσεως. τούτων δὴ εἰς τὰ πρὸ τῆς ἐν τῷ κατὰ Ματθαῖον εὐχῆς εἰρημένων, ἤδη θεασώμεθα καὶ τὰ δηλούμενα ἀπὸ τῆς εὐχῆς.