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Philo Judaeus, miniature, 9th cent. Greek
codex |
THE SPECIAL LAWS, III
Engl: The Works of Philo Judaeus The contemporary of Josephus, translated from the Greek By Charles Duke Yonge London, H. G. Bohn, 1854-1890. Greek: TLG 001 18.24.-.24 De specialibus legibus (lib. i-iv) Philonis Alexandrini opera quae supersunt, vol. 5 ( Reimer, Berlin, 1906; rpr. De Gruyter, Berlin, 1962 p.p. 1-265 ed. L.Cohn)
1. There was once a time when, devoting my leisure to philosophy and to the contemplation of the world and the things in it, | 3.1 ῏Ην ποτε χρόνος͵ ὅτε φιλοσοφίᾳ σχολάζων καὶ θεωρίᾳ τοῦ κόσμου καὶ τῶν ἐν αὐτῷ |
I reaped the fruit of excellent, and desirable, and blessed intellectual feelings, |
τὸν καλὸν καὶ περιπόθητον καὶ μακάριον ὄντως νοῦν ἐκαρπούμην͵ |
being always living among the divine oracles and doctrines, on which I fed incessantly and insatiably, to my great delight, |
θείοις ἀεὶ λόγοις συγγινόμενος καὶ δόγμασιν͵ ὧν ἀπλήστως καὶ ἀκορέστως ἔχων ἐνευφραινόμην͵ |
never entertaining any low or groveling thoughts, nor ever wallowing in the pursuit of glory or wealth, or the delights of the body, |
οὐδὲν ταπεινὸν φρονῶν ἢ χαμαίζηλον οὐδὲ περὶ δόξαν ἢ πλοῦτον ἢ τὰς σώματος εὐπαθείας ἰλυσπώμενος͵ |
but I appeared to be raised on high and borne aloft by a certain inspiration of the soul,. |
ἀλλ΄ ἄνω μετάρσιος ἐδόκουν ἀεὶ φέρεσθαι κατά τινα τῆς ψυχῆς ἐπιθειασμὸν |
and to dwell in the regions of the sun and moon, and to associate with the whole heaven, and the whole universal world |
καὶ συμπεριπολεῖν ἡλίῳ καὶ σελήνῃ καὶ σύμπαντι οὐρανῷ τε καὶ κόσμῳ. |
2. At that time, therefore, looking down from above, from the air, | 3.2 τότε δὴ τότε διακύπτων ἄνωθεν ἀπ΄ αἰθέρος |
and straining the eye of my mind as from a watch-tower, |
καὶ τείνων ὥσπερ ἀπὸ σκοπιᾶς τὸ τῆς διανοίας ὄμμα κατεθεώμην |
I surveyed the unspeakable contemplation of all the things on the earth, |
τὰς ἀμυθήτους θεωρίας τῶν ἐπὶ γῆς ἁπάντων. |
and looked upon myself as happy as having forcibly escaped from all the evil fates that can attack human life. |
καὶ εὐδαιμόνιζον ἐμαυτὸν ὡς ἀνὰ κράτος ἐκπεφευγότα τὰς ἐν τῷ θνητῷ βίῳ κῆρας |
3. Nevertheless, the most grievous of all evils was lying in wait for me, namely, envy, that hates every thing that is good, and which, suddenly attacking me, did not cease from dragging me after it by force till it had taken me and thrown me into the vast sea of the cares of public politics, in which I was and still am tossed about without being able to keep myself swimming at the top. | 3.3 ἐφήδρευε δ΄ ἄρα μοι τὸ κακῶν ἀργαλεώτατον͵ ὁ μισόκαλος φθόνος͵ ὃς ἐξαπιναίως ἐπιπεσὼν οὐ πρότερον ἐπαύσατο καθέλκων πρὸς βίαν ἤ με καταβαλεῖν εἰς μέγα πέλαγος τῶν ἐν πολιτείᾳ φροντίδων͵ ἐν ᾧ φορούμενος οὐδ΄ ὅσον ἀνανήξασθαι δύναμαι. |
4. But though I groan at my fate, I still hold out and resist, retaining in my soul that desire of instruction which has been implanted in it from my earliest youth, and this desire taking pity and compassion on me continually raises me up and alleviates my sorrow. | 3.4 στένων δ΄ ὅμως ἀντέχω τὸν ἐκ πρώτης ἡλικίας ἐνιδρυμένον τῇ ψυχῇ παιδείας ἵμερον ἔχων͵ ὃς ἔλεόν μου καὶ οἶκτον ἀεὶ λαμβάνων ἀνεγείρει καὶ ἀνακουφίζει. |
And it is through this fondness for learning that I at times lift up my head, and with the eyes of my soul, which are indeed dim for the mist of affairs, wholly inconsistent with their proper objects, has overshadowed their acute clear-sightedness., still, as well as I may, I survey all the things around me, being eager to imbibe something of a life which shall be pure and unalloyed by evils. | διὰ τοῦτον ἔστιν ὅτε τὴν κεφαλὴν ἐπαίρω καὶ τοῖς τῆς ψυχῆς ὄμμασιν ἀμυδρῶς μὲντὸ γὰρ ὀξυδερκὲς αὐτῶν ἡ τῶν ἀλλοκότων πραγμάτων ἀχλὺς ἐπεσκίασεν ἀλλ΄ ἀναγκαίως γοῦν περιβλέπομαι τἀν κύκλῳ καθαρᾶς καὶ ἀμιγοῦς κακῶν ζωῆς σπάσαι γλιχόμενος. |
5. And if at any time unexpectedly there shall arise a brief period of tranquillity, and a short calm and respite from the troubles which arise from state affairs, I then rise aloft and float above the troubled waves, soaring as it were in the air, and being, I may almost say, blown forward by the breezes of knowledge, which often persuades me to flee away, and to pass all my days with her, escaping as it were from my pitiless masters, not men only, but also affairs which pour upon me from all quarters and at all times like a torrent. | 3.5 εἰ δέ μοι καὶ ἐξ ἀπροσδοκήτου βρα χεῖα γένοιτο εὐδία καὶ γαλήνη θορύβων τῶν ἐν πολιτείᾳ͵ ὑπόπτερος ἐπικυματίζω μόνον οὐκ ἀεροπορῶν͵ αὔραις τῆς ἐπιστήμης καταπνεόμενος͵ ἥ με πολλάκις ἀναπείθει δραπετεύειν συνημερεύσοντα αὐτῇ καθάπερ ἀπὸ δεσποτῶν ἀμειλίκτων͵ οὐκ ἀνθρώπων μόνον ἀλλὰ καὶ πραγμάτων ἀλλα χόθεν ἄλλων χειμάρρου τρόπον ἐπεισχεομένων. |
6. But even in these circumstances I ought to give thanks to God, that though I am so overwhelmed by this flood, I am not wholly sunk and swallowed up in the depths. But I open the eyes of my soul, which from an utter despair of any good hope had been believed to have been before now wholly darkened, and I am irradiated with the light of wisdom, since I am not given up for the whole of my life to darkness. Behold, therefore, I venture not only to study the sacred commands of Moses, but also with an ardent love of knowledge to investigate each separate one of them, and to endeavour to reveal and to explain to those who wish to understand them, things concerning them which are not known to the multitude. | 3.6 ἀλλὰ γὰρ καὶ ἐπὶ τούτοις θεῷ προσῆκον εὐχαριστεῖν͵ ὅτι καίτοι κατακλυζόμενος οὐκ ἐγκα ταπίνομαι βύθιος· ἀλλὰ καὶ τοὺς τῆς ψυχῆς ὀφθαλμούς͵ οὓς ἀπογνώσει τινὸς χρηστῆς ἐλπίδος ᾠήθην ἤδη πεπηρῶσθαι͵ διοίγω καὶ φωτὶ τῷ σοφίας ἐναυγάζομαι μὴ πάντα τὸν βίον τῷ σκότῳ παραδοθείς. ἰδού γέ τοι τολμῶ μὴ μόνον τοῖς ἱεροῖς Μωυσέως ἑρμηνεύμασιν ἐντυγχάνειν͵ ἀλλὰ καὶ φιλεπιστημόνως διακύπτειν εἰς ἕκαστον καὶ ὅσα μὴ γνώριμα τοῖς πολλοῖς διαπτύττειν καὶ ἀναφαίνειν. |
On Dreams
1.33-37 |
TLG 0018.009; |
33 So in every case it is the fourth of the series that is beyond comprehension. In the universe it is the heaven in contrast with the nature of air and earth and water ; in man it is mind over against the body, and sense-preception, and the speech which gives expression to thought. | (33) ἀεὶ δὴ τὸ τέταρτον ἀκατάληπτον, οὐρανὸς μὲν ἐν κόσμῳ παρὰ τὴνἀέρος καὶ γῆς καὶ ὕδατος φύσιν, νοῦς δὲ ἐν ἀνθρώπῳ παρὰ σῶμα καὶ αἴσθησιν καὶ τὸν ἑρμηνέα λόγον. |
It may well be that it is for this reason that the fourth year is designated in the sacred documents “ holy and for praise a ” (Lev. 19. 24) ; 34 for among created things, that which is holy is, in the universe, the heavens, in which natures imperishable and enduring through long ages have their orbits ; in man it is mind, a fragment of the Deity, as the words of Moses in particular bear witness, “ He breathed into his face a breath of life, and man became a living soul ” (Gen. 2. 7). | μήποτε μέντοι καὶ τὸ τέταρτον ἔτος„ἅγιον καὶ αἰνετὸν“ ταύτης ἕνεκα τῆς αἰτίας ἐν ταῖς ἱεραῖς ἀναγραφαῖς(34) δηλοῦται (Lev. 19, 24)• τὸ γὰρ ἐν τοῖς γεγονόσιν ἅγιον οὐρανὸς μέν ἐστιν ἐν κόσμῳ, καθ’ ὃν αἱ ἄφθαρτοι καὶ μακραίωνες φύσεις περιπο- λοῦσιν, ἐν ἀνθρώπῳ δὲ νοῦς, ἀπόσπασμα θεῖον ὤν, καὶ μάλιστα κατὰ Μωυσέα λέγοντα• „ἐνεφύσησεν εἰς τὸ πρόσωπον αὐτοῦ πνοὴν ζωῆς, καὶ (35) ἐγένετο ὁ ἄνθρωπος εἰς ψυχὴν ζῶσαν“ (Gen. 2, 7). |
35 And each of these appears to me to be correctly spoken of as “ for praise.” For it is in the heaven and in the mind that capacity resides to set forth in solemn strains hymns of praise and blessing in honour of the Father who is the author of our being. For man is the recipient of a privilege which gives him distinction beyond other living creatures, that, namely, of worshipping Him that is ; while the heaven is ever melodious, producing, as the heavenly bodies go 36 through their movements, the full and perfect harmony. If the sound of it ever reached our ears, there would be produced irrepressible yearnings, frantic longings, wild ceaseless passionate desires, compelling to abstain even from necessary food, for no longer [p.315] should we take in nourishment from meat and drink through the throat after the fashion of mortals, but, as beings awaiting immortality, from inspired strains of perfect melody coming to us through our ears. | καὶ ἑκάτερον δὲ αἰνετὸν οὐκ ἀπὸ σκοποῦ μοι δοκεῖ προσειρῆσθαι• τὰ γὰρ δυνάμενα τοὺς ἐπαίνους καὶ ὕμνους καὶ εὐδαιμονισμοὺς ἐκτραγῳδεῖν τοῦ γεννήσαντος πατρὸς ταῦτ’ ἐστίν, οὐρανός τε καὶ νοῦς. ἄνθρωπος μὲν γὰρ ἐξαιρέτου παρὰ τὰ ἄλλα ζῷα γέρως ἔλαχε, θεραπεύειν τὸ ὄν, ὁ δὲ οὐρανὸς ἀεὶ μελῳδεῖ, κατὰ τὰς κινήσεις τῶν ἐν ἑαυτῷ τὴν πάμμουσον ἁρμονίαν ἀπο τελῶν• ἧς εἰ συνέβαινε τὴν ἠχὴν εἰς τὰς ἡμετέρας φθάνειν ἀκοάς,ἔρωτες ἂν ἀκάθεκτοι καὶ λελυττηκότες ἵμεροι καὶ ἄπαυστοι καὶ μανιώδεις | ἐγίνοντο οἶστροι, ὡς καὶ τῶν ἀναγκαίων ἀπέχεσθαι τρεφομένους μηκέθ’ ὡς θνητοὶ σιτίοις καὶ ποτοῖς διὰ φάρυγγος, ἀλλ’ ὡς οἱ μέλλοντες ἀπα-θανατίζεσθαι δι’ ὤτων μουσικῆς τελείας ἐνθέοις ᾠδαῖς• |
To such strains it is said that Moses was listening, when, having laid aside his body, for forty days and as many nights he touched neither bread nor water at all (Ex. 24. 18). VII. It seems, then, that the 37 heaven, the original archetype of all musical instruments, was tuned with consummate skill for no other purpose than that the hymns sung in honour of the Universal Father may have a musical accompaniment. | ὧν ἀκροατὴν Μωυσῆν ἀσώματον γενόμενον λόγος ἔχει τεσσαράκοντα ἡμέρας καὶ τὰς ἴσας νύκτας μήτε ἄρτου μήτε ὕδατος ψαῦσαι τὸ παράπαν (Exod. 24, 18).(37) ὁ τοίνυν οὐρανός, τὸ μουσικῆς ἀρχέτυπον ὄργανον, ἄκρως ἡρμόσθαι δοκεῖ δι’ οὐδὲν ἕτερον ἢ ἵνα οἱ ἐπὶ τιμῇ τοῦ τῶν ὅλων πατρὸς ᾀδόμενοι ὕμνοι μουσικῶς ἐπιψάλλωνται. |
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