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DIRECTORY
on POPULAR
PIETY
AND
THE
LITURGY |
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DIRECTORY
on POPULAR
PIETY
AND
THE
LITURGY |
INDEX OF BIBLICAL REFERENCES
The biblical reference is followed by the number of the relevant paragraph of the Directory where it is cited: where the reference alludes to a biblical text rather than a direct citation, the paragraph number is given in italics.
Old Testament
Genesis
1, 12 181
2, 6 254
2, 9 109
2, 17 249
3, 3 249
3, 19 249, 254
3, 24 214
8, 1-15 280
12, 6-7 280
13, 18 280
21, 17 214
22, 11 214
28, 10-22 280
33, 18-20 280
35, 1-15 280
Exodus
12, 1 175
13, 2.12-13 218
14,8-31 245
19, 6 76
19-20 280
19-24 76
23, 17 280
Leviticus
11, 44-45 76
12, 1-8 120
19, 2 76
Numbers
9, 15-23 280
10, 33-36 280
Deuteronomy
8,3 126
2 Samuel
6, 12-19 245
7, 5-16 218
7,6 280
I Kings
19, 4-8 214
I Chronicles
17, 11-14 218
Tobit
12, 15 214
II Maccabees
12, 46 251
Psalms
42, 5 280
84, 6-8 280, 286
89 [88], 2 154
91, 11 214
103, 20 213
122, 1 286
137, 1 215
Wisdom
1, 13 249
Sirach
17, 1 159, 254
Isaiah
6, 3 215
6, 1-4 214
7, 14 118
9, 5 108
9, 6 118
11, 1 181
52, 13 — 53, 12 137
53, 3 136
53, 4-5 175
Daniel
3, 49-50 214
6, 23 214
Zechariah
12, 10 167
Malachi
3, 20 98
New Testament
Matthew
1, 18-25 214
1, 19 218
1, 20-21 218
1, 21 105, 218
1, 23 118
2, 1 106
2, 11 118, 218
2, 13-20 214
2, 13-23 218
2, 16-17 113
3, 2 96
3, 4 224
3, 13-16 224
3, 17 106
4,4 126
4, 11 214
6, 6 82
6, 1-6. 16-18 124
7,7 242
8,1 23
11, 29 167, 170
18, 10 214
18, 20 186 , 286
19, 12 220
20, 22 175
21, 1-10 245
22, 16 77
22, 32 80
25, 31 214
26, 47-56 137
28, 19 36 157
28, 19-20 247
28, 20 286
Mark
1, 1 274
1, 14 274
2,18-22 25
6, 14-29 224
10, 38 175
11, 1-11 245
11, 24 242
14, 32 131
14, 33-34 249
16, 1-8 214
Luke
1, 6 224
1, 17 224
1, 26. 36 225
1, 27 218
1, 28 102, 196
1, 26-38 214
1, 31-33 102
1, 36 225
1, 39-45 224
1, 51 193
1, 57-66 224
1, 76 224
1, 78 98
1, 80 224
2, 1-7 137
2, 6-7 218
2, 7 97
2, 8-14 214
2, 14 108
2, 15-16 218
2, 19 193
2, 21 175, 218
2, 22-24 121, 218
2, 22-38 245
2, 22-40 122
2, 25-33 218
2, 32 120
2, 34-35 136, 137, 145
2, 35 136
2, 41 280
2, 41-42 112
2, 43-50 218
2, 51 218
2, 52 107
3, 2 224
3, 3 224
4,4 126
4, 28-29 137
7, 28 224
9, 23 133
11,9 242
12, 49-50 133
15, 10 214
18,1 23
18,38 23
19, 28-38 245
22, 42-43 175
22, 43 214
22, 44 131
23, 33 131
23,42 23
23, 43 257
23, 53 142
24, 13-35 286
24, 49 153
24, 49 155
John
1, 7 225
1, 11 137
1, 14 175, 263
1, 29 175, 224
1, 34 224
1, 36 175
2, 11 106
2, 18-21 262
2, 21 263
2, 22-23 281
3, 16 77, 248
3, 18 77
3, 28-30 224
3, 30 225
4, 20-24 265
4, 23 85
4, 34 77
5, 33 224
6, 40 248
6, 54 175
6, 63 23
10, 30 167
11, 55-56 280
12, 12-16 245
12, 24 254
12, 36 175
13, 1 281
13, 34 23
14, 6 77, 158
14, 26 78, 153
16, 13-15 153
16, 13-25 78
16, 28 280
17, 21 182
19, 5 129
19, 25-27 145, 203
19, 34 129, 142, 167, 173, 175
19, 37 167
19, 40-42 131
20, 20 167
20, 27 167
20,28 23
Acts of the Apostles
1, 11 214
1, 14 155, 191
2, 1-4 156
2, 5 280
2, 1-13 79
2, 42-47 86
4, 12 56
5, 17-20 215
7, 59 23
7, 54-60 208
8, 31-35 175
9,13 210
10, 38 245
12, 1-5 137
12, 6-11 215
Romans
1, 1 274
1, 5 76
5, 12 249
6, 2-6 55
6, 3-10 257
6, 4 77
6, 23 249
8, 9 77
8, 14 78
8, 15-17 78
8, 24-25 96
8, 26-27 78
8, 32 77
12,1 48, 78, 85
12, 15 252
12,12 23
16, 26 76
I Corinthians
2, 10 78
3, 16 236
3, 16-17 263
5, 7 175
6,1 210
6, 19 236, 263
10, 16 177
10,31 23
11, 17-32 23
11, 24 80
11, 24-26 23
11, 23-26 55
11, 25 175
15, 25-16, 3 245
15, 42-44 252
16,1 210
II Corinthians
6, 16 236, 263
8, 9 108
Galatians
4, 4 180, 249
4, 10 23
Ephesians
2, 19-22 262
4, 13 77, 211
5, 8 153
5, 25-27 176
Phillipians
1, 21 259
2, 5 78
Colossians
1, 13 153
1,15 238
1, 20 136, 175
1,28 211
2, 12 77
2, 16 23
2, 16-l9 23
3,17 23
I Thessalonians
2, 13 23
5, 17 23
I Timothy
2, 5 56, 77, 158, 210
II Timothy
2, 11 249
Hebrews
1, 1-2 77
1, 14 213
2, 14 180
4, 14 77
7, 25 286
8, 6 77
9, 11 263
9, 11-12 176
9, 15 77
12, 24 77
12, 28 85
13, 14 247, 249, 262, 286
I Peter
1, 18 177
1, 18-20 175
1, 19 176
2, 5 46, 48, 262, 263
2, 25 77
3, 15 86
I John
1, 2 108
1, 7 176
3, 2 96
Apocalypse
1, 5 77, 176
1, 8 116
1, 28 80
4,8 159
5, 6 168
5, 8 215
6, 9 176
6, 10 176
6, 9-11 208
7, 9-17 208
7, 14 176
8, 3 215
8, 3-4 214
20,13 254
21 264
21, 3 263
21, 4 249
21, 22 262
22, 13 116
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INDEX OF PERSONS AND PLACES
Each entry is followed by a reference to a paragraph number in the Directory; when the reference is to a note, the number if followed by *.
Adon 227.
Alquin, 188*.
Altoetting, 285.
Ambrose, St., 237*, 249*.
Anne, St. 211.
Antipoli, 285.
Aparecida, 285.
Assisi, 285.
Augustine, St. 140*, 142*, 167*, 168, 227*, 251*, 278*, 286*
Bartholomew, St., 285.
Basil the Great, St., 216.
Beauduin, Lambert, 46*.
Bede, St., 227.
Benedict XIV, 42, 196.
Bernard, St., 169, 216.
Bernardine of Siena, St., 220*
Bonaventure, St., 169.
Botte, Bernard, 46*.
Caacupé, 285.
Calvary 283.
Canterbury, 284.
Casel, Odo 284.
Catherine Labouré, St., 206.
Catherine of Siena, St., 169.
Chartres, 285.
Claude la Colombière, St., 170.
Clement VIII, 203*.
Coromoto, 285.
Cristoforo di Venezia, 207*.
Cyprian, St., 81*, 251*.
Czestochowa 285.
De’ Nobili, Roberto, 43.
Egeria 283.
Ernaculum-Angamaly, 285.
Eusebius of Caeseria 208*.
Eusebius of Vercelli, St., 211.
Fatima, 174, 189, 285.
Francis of Assisi, St., 104.
Francis de Sales, St., 170.
Garcia Navarro Manuel, 188*
Germanus pf Constantinople, 207*.
Gertrude, 169.
Giustiniani, Paolo, 37.
Greccio, 104.
Gregory XIII, 227.
Gregory the Great, St., 27.
Guadalupe, 107, 207*, 285.
Guardini, Romano 46*.
Guéranger Prosper, 44.
Holy Sepulchre
John XXII, 169.
John XXIII, (Blessed), 178.
John Bosco, St., 170.
John Christosom, 251*.
John Eudes, St., 170.
John Paul II 2, 3*,6*, 9*, 21*,50*, 59*, 61*, 63*, 64*, 65*, 66*, 68*, 71*, 95*, 102, 139*, 154*, 156*, 167*, 174*, 204*, 207,210*, 220*, 223*, 227, 263*, 264*, 278*.
John the Baptist, St., 24-225, 229.
Joseph, St., 211, 218-223, 29.
Jungmann, Josef A., 46*.
Kevelaer, 285.
Kowalska Faustina (St.) 154.
Knock, 285.
La Vang 285.
Leo XII 112*, 136*, 167*, 203, 220*, 222.
Leonardo da Porto Maurizio, St., 132
Loreto, 284, 285.
Louis M. Grignon de Montfort, St., 204.
Lourdes, 285.
Lucy, St., 211
Ludolf of Saxony, 169.
Lutgard, St., 169.
Lyons, 227.
Margaret Mary Alacoque, St., 229.
Martin, St., 284.
Martimort, Aimé-Georges, 46*.
Mary Magdala, St. 229.
Matilda of Helfta, St., 169.
Matilda of Magdeburg, St., 169.
Maximilian M. Kolbe, St., 206.
Montevergine, 285.
Montserrat 285.
Muratori, Ludovico Antonio, 42.
Nagasaki, 285.
Namugongo, 285.
Newman, John henry, 44.
Omobono, St., 211.
Padua, 85.
Parsch, Pius, 46*.
Patrick, St., 211.
Paul V, 39*.
Paul VI, 2*,6*, 9*, 61*, 73+, 74*, 75*, 94*, 101*, 123*, 164*, 165*, 167*, 180*, 182*, 184*,185*, 186*, 193*, 195*, 197*, 202*, 205*, 207*, 228*, 278*.
Peter and Paul, Sts., 229; memorial in Rome, 284.
Pius V, St.,39*.
Pius IX, Blessed, 220.
Pius X, St., 46, 222.
Pius XI, 171.
Pius XII, 8*, 46*, 164*, 167*, 174, 220.
Pompei, 285.
Prudentius, 113*.
Querini, Pietro 37.
Raymond, St., 211
Ricci, Matteo, 43.
Ratzinger, Joseph, 90*, 91*.
Rocamadour 284.
Rosmini Antonio, 44.
Rupert of Deutz, 147*.
Saint-Michel, Mont 216, 284.
San Giovanni Rotondo, 285.
San Michele Gargano, 216, 284.
San Michele della Chiusa, 216, 284.
Santiago de Compostela, 284.
Sixtus V, 39*.
Stephen, St., 229.
Thomas the Apostle, St., 211.
Thomas Becket, St., 284.
Umberto de Romanis, 188*.
Urban IV 160.
Uasrdo, 227.
Vagaggini, Cipriano 46*.
Walsingham, 284.
Washington, 285.
Yamoussoukro, 285
***
ANALYTICAL INDEX
The entry is followed by the number of the relevant paragraph of the Directory;where the reference is to a footnote the number is followed by an asterisk (*).
A
Act of Reparation
formula to implore mercy and to make reparation the the Sacred Heart of Jesus171.
Actions
as a language of popular piety 15.
Adaptation
between liturgical forms and popular piety in the IV century 24; the process of a. and inculturation of a pious practice 92.
Adoration of the Blood of Christ
Hour of a. and its purpose 178.
Advent
harmonisation with the a. liturgy. 96-105; a. wreath 98; a. processions. 99; the winter season 100; the memory of the Virgin Mary 101-102 and191; Christmas novena 103; Christmas crib 104; spirit of a. and popular piety 105.
Advent season
See Advent.
Advent wreath
composition and purpose 98.
Akathistos
hymn to the Mother of God in the Byzantine rite 207
Almsgiving
as intercession for the deceased 251.
Altar
Placing of relics under the a. during dedication 237; on not placing relics or images of the saints on the a. 237 and 244.
Angels
teaching of the Church, witness of Scripture and Tradition 213-214; veneration of the a. in particular days, circumstances and conditions 215; devotion of the faithful to the a., nature of the guardian a. 216; possible deviations 217.
Angelus
linked to the feast of the Annunciation 187; significance and form of the a. 195; accompanying the Angelus Dei 216 and the Requiem aeternam 260.
Angelus Dei
invoking the guardian angel, often accompanying the Angelus Domini 216.
Anointing of the Sick
celebrated in the shrines 269.
Anthropology
anthropological dimension of symbolism and expressions of popular piety 12; anthropological values and marian feasts 187 and in the feasts of the saints 232-233; anthropological content of procession247.
Antiquity, Christian
link between liturgy and popular piety in a. 23-27
Apocrypha
the spread of apocryphal literature in the Middle Ages and its influence on iconography 30; a. on the life of Mary 23*.
Apostolic See
teachings concerning popular piety 2.
See Dicastery, Magisterium.
Apostolic Tradition
witness of elements of popular matrix 23.
Apparitions
in the context of private revelations 90; a. of Fatima 174 and 189.
Art
veneration of sacred images and the artistic patrimony 18; baroque culture 41; inculturation and artistic expression 92; artistic value of sacred images 243; a. in the sacred shrines 276.
Ash Wednesday
its meaning 125.
Associations
birth of a. in the Middle Ages 31; a. of the faithful as subjects of popular piety 69; a. and the practice of pious exercises 72, of the marian Saturday 188, of the acts of consecration to Mary 204; “Association of the Holy Family” 112; a. and pious devotions for the deceased 260; a. and the care of pilgrims at shrines 275.
See Confraternities.
Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary (solemnity)
the solemnity of the a. 180 and expressions of popular piety 181.
Ave Maria
in the context of the Angelus Domini 195 and of the rosary 197.
B
Baptism
feast of the Baptism of the Lord 119; b. and consacration to Mary 204; b. and the meaning of dying in Christ 250.
See Initiatian, Christian
Baptismal vespers
on Easter Sunday 245.
Bishop/s
competence and responsibilities of the b. concerning popular piety 1, 3, 5, 18, 21; teachings of Conference/s of B. on popular piety 2; the B. as recipients of this Directory 5; approval from the B. of a diocesan shrine 264 and its relationship to the B. 270; the competence of the B. to give norms and guidelines concerning popular piety according to the local traditions 288.
See Ordinary.
Blesseds
when they may be named in the litany of saints 235.
See Saints
Blessing
the development of rites of b. in the Middle Ages, where one finds, along with the elements of Christian faith, some aspects of other creeds 32-33; pastoral use of rites of b. at sacred shrines 272-273; b. of children 112; of homes 118, 152; of candles 120; of a mother 121; of eggs 150; of the family table 68, 109, 150, 260; of families 152; with the Most Blessed Sacrament 163; of herbs 181; of rosary beads 198; of medals 206; of fire 225; with relics of the saints 237; of sacred images 244; of pilgrims 287.
Blood of Christ
Veneration and devotion 175-179; scriptural foundations 175-176; in liturgical worship 177; in popular piety 178; prayerful meditation on the “seven wounds” 178, iconography 179.
See Body and Blood of Christ; “Via Sanguinis”.
Body and Blood of the Lord
the solemnity 160-163 and177; institution of the feast of the B. 160; eucharistic procession 162-163 and 245.
See Blood of Christ
Burial
internment and cremation 252-254.
See Funeral rites.
Byzantine rite
memorial of Mary in Advent 101, in the month of August 190 *; the hymn Akathistos 207.
C
Calendar
link between pious marian devotions and general celebrations of the c. or of the particular c. of the diocese or religious family 187; celebrations of the saints in the particular c. and in the general Roman c. 227-229; directions and norms of the Roman c. concerning the celebrations of the saints 229.
Catechesis
the lack of c. in the Middle Ages as a threat to the correct expression of the Christian faith 33; the work of c. in the missions also through pious practices 36; the promotion of c. and Giustiniani and Querini 37; the formative purpose of parish catechesis 39; c. of adults on Sunday at the time of the Catholic reform 42; c. supports a healthy relationship between liturgy and popular piety 49; c. concerning the Christian meaning of Sunday 95; pious devotions as a means of c. 189; c. and devotion to the saints 212-213; c. concerning sacred images 239; need for c. on the meaning of intercession for the deceased 255.
Catechism of the Catholic Church
private revelations 90; the mystery of the Trinity 157*; marian devotion 183* and commentary on the Ave Maria 197*; danger of naive credulity 206*; Purgatory 210* and 251; the angels 213* and 215*; sacred images 238*, 239, 240*; faith in the resurrection of the dead 248*; death 249*; intercession for the deceased 251*, 252* and 257*.
Catholic reform
historical period 41-43.
Celebrations of the Word
importance of listening to God’s word in Marian devotions 193-194.
Cemetery
procession to the c. on the 2nd November and in the funeral rites 245; visiting the c. 260.
Charism
relationship between ministry and c. concerning the expression of popular piety 84.
Charity
forms of compassion and c. 6; c. as a value in popular piety 61; the practice of c. in confraternities and associations 69; forms of c. linked with infancy and human life 113; the c. of the Sacred Heart of Jesus 166; shrines as places of c. 263 and 275.
Children
feast of the Holy Innocents and the protection of infants and c. 113.
Christ
See Jesus Christ
Christmas
origin 25 and 27; liturgical time and expressions of popular piety 106-119; Christmas tree 109; Christmas dinner 109; spirituality of Christmas 108; midnight Mass 111; Christmas Eve 109-111; crib 104 and 109.
Christmas Tree
symbolism of the c. 109.
Church
the C.’s care for popular piety1; liturgy and popular piety in the light of the Magisterium of the C. 2, 60-75; the faith of the C. is expressed in forms of prayer 16; the C. as people of God 44; popular piety belongs to the life of worship of the C. 50; the C. as a worshipping community 81-86; the “ecclesiological principle” of Christian worship 84; recognising the authority of the C. in the context of private revelations 90; precept of the C. to confess one’s serious sins at least once per year and of receiving Holy Communion at least once per year 125; Mary as icon of the C. 147, 180; image of the C. as spouse 179; Magisterium of the C. and Marian devotions 185-186; popular piety as a means of promoting an ecclesial vision of Mary189; the Akathistos prayer contains the faith of the early Church in Mary 207; doctrine of the C. on the saints 208-212, on angels 213-214, on sacred images 240; faith of the C. in eternal life 248.
Commemoration of the faithful departed
on the 2nd November and related intercessions for the deceased 245, 255 and 260.
Common Priesthood
c. and popular piety 85-86.
Conference/s of bishops
teachings of C. on popular piety 2; C. pious devotions regarding a nation or a large region 92; competence of the C. concerning rogation days 245 and the recognition of “national” shrines 264.
See Documents of the Conferences of bishops
Confirmation
gift of the Holy Spirit 156; baptism and c. as the basis of consecration to God 204.
Confraternities
birth, development and purpose of c. in the Middle Ages 31 and in the post-tridentine era 41; c. as subjects of popular piety and their forms of piety, devotions and charity 69; the practice of pious devotions in c. 72; representations of the passion fostered by c. 144; c. and devotion to the faithful departed 260.
Consecrated life
and the feast of the Presentation of the Lord 122.
Consecration of families
c. to the Holy Family 112, to the Sacred Heart of Jesus 171.
Consecration to Mary
c. to the Immaculate Heart of Mary 174; significance of the act of c. 204.
Consecration to the Sacred Heart of Jesus
personal c. 68, of the family 171
Contemporary era
Liturgy and popular piety in the c. 44-46
Coptic rite
memorial of Mary in Advent 101, 190 *
Council
of Chalcedon 207; of Carthage III 26*; of Constantinople I 207*; of Ephesus 207; of Florence 210*, 251; Lateran V 38; of Lyons II 251*; of Nicea I 207; of Nicea II 238 (Definitio de sacris imaginibus 18*, 28, 238*, 239*, 240*); of Trent 38, 39, 251 (Decretum de invocatione, veneratione et reliquiis Sanctorum et sacris imaginibus 8*, 18*, 38*, 236*, 239*, 240*, 241*; Decretum de peccato originali 349*; Decretum de purgatorio 38*; Decretum de sacramentis 38*; Decretum de ss. Eucharistia 38*; Decretum de reformatione generali 38; Decretum super petitione concessionis calicis 38*; Doctrina de communione sub utraque specie et parvulorum 38*; Doctrina de sacramento extremæ unctionis 38*; Doctrina de sacramento matrimoniii 38*; Doctrina de sacramento ordinis 38*; Doctrina de sacramento pænitentiæ 38*; Doctrina de ss. Missæ sacrificio 38*); Vatican II 1, 2, 12, 46, 60, 70, 227, 228, 236 (Documents: Ad gentes 156*; Apostolicam actuositatem 183*, 286*; Christus Dominus 5*; Dei Verbum 76*, 87*, 88*; Gaudium et spes 100*, 156*, 248*; Lumen gentium 5*, 70*, 83*, 183*, 204*, 205*, 207*, 210*, 212*, 251*, 257*; Optatam totius 183*; Presbyterorum Ordinis 183*; Sacrosanctum Concilium 7*, 11*, 18*, 46, 50-59, 67*, 70*, 71*, 72*, 73*, 81*, 83*, 94*, 95*, 171*, 175*, 180*, 201*, 209*, 228*, 229*, 237*, 268*; Unitatis redintegratio 182*, 277).
Cremation
practice and canonical legislation 254.
Cross
the veneration of the C. 127-128; sign of triumph, of blessings 128; adoration of the C. 159.
Crucifix
veneration of the C. 127-129
Culture
Gospel and c. meet in popular piety 63, 91-92; discerning the values of the c. 95; 243, sacred images carry the mark of their surrounding c. 257; the shrine as a place of c. 276.
See Inculturation
Customs
c. and pious devotions 72.
D
Dance
as religious expression in some popular traditions 17.
De profundis
psalm for the deceased 260.
Deacons
the care of the d. in promoting liturgical life and popular piety 1; among those to whom this directory is addressed 5.
Death
the meaning of Christian d., in the light of the faith 248-250; the concealment of d. 259.
See Cremation, Deceased, Funeral rites.
Deceased
primitive traces in popular practice concerning the memory of the d. 23; prayers and intercession for the d. in the Middle Ages 32; the memory of the d. and intercession for them in the Liturgy and in popular piety 248-260; procession to the c. on the 2nd November and in the funeral rites 245, visiting the cemetery 260; Christian meaning of death 249; celebration of the Eucharist 251-252 and 255; the souls in Purgatory 251; intercession 251-255; the funeral rites 252-254; burial 252-254; cremation 254; remembrance of the d. in the Liturgy of the hours 255; popular piety towards the d. 256-260 the dangers to be avoided 258-259; customs and traditions concerning the worshipping of the d. 257; immortality of the soul 257-258; novena for the d. 260.
See Funeral rites, Indulgences, Intercession
Demons
erroneous beliefs 217.
Devotio moderna
its influence 34-35.
Devotions
meaning of the term (exterior acts animated by an interior disposition) 8.
Dicasteries of the Holy See
Congregation of Rites: Decree Quemadmodum Deus 220*; Decree Maxima redemptionis nostrae mysteria 143*; Instruction Eucharisticum mysterium 2*, 141*, 164*; Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, Letter Orationis forma 57*; (Congregation of the Holy Office), Instruction De cadaverum crematione 254*; Congregation for Bishops, Directory for the Pastoral Ministry of Bishops 5*, 75*; Congregation for the Clergy: Directory for the Ministry and Life of Priests 197*; General Directory on Catechesis 2*, 59*; Congregation for Divine Worship, Instruction De Calendariis particularibus 231*; Congregation for Divine Worship, Letter on the preparation and celebration of the Easter Feasts 138*, 139*, 140*, 141*, 145*, 146*, 156*; Lettera circolare Guidelines and proposals for celebrating a marian year 66*, 73*, 183*, 184* , 186*, 188*, 190*, 191*, 194*, 195*, 197*, 199*, 200*, 202*, 203*, 204*, 205*, 266*, 275*; Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments, Instruction Varietates legitimae 6*, 12*, 21*, 66*, 92*; Notification on devotion to the Beatified 236*; Penitenzieria Apostolica, Enchiridion Indulgentiarum 72*; Pontifical Council for Culture, Per una pastorale della Cultura 91*; Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of Migrants and Travellers, Il Santuario. Memoria, presenza and profezia del Dio vivente 262*; Il Pellegrinaggio nel Grande Giubileo del 2000 279*; Pontifical Council for Christian Unity, Directoire pour l’application des Principes et des Normes sur l’Oecuménisme 155*, 182*, 277*.
Directory
nature 4; purpose 4; structure 4; those to whom this d. is addressed 5; terminology 6-10.
Divination
on not invoking the dead for purposes of d. 258.
Divine mercy
the devotion to the D. on the second Sunday of Easter 154.
Documents of the Conferences of Bishops
General Episcopal Conference of Latin-America, Documento di Puebla 2*, 58*, 61*, 62*, 63*, 64*, 66*, 74*; Documento de Santo Domingo 2*; Episcopal Conference of Spain, Episcopal Commision for Liturgy, Evangelización y renovación de la piedad popular 2*; Secretariado National Secretariat for Liturgy, Liturgia y piedad popular, Directorio Litúrgico-Pastoral 2*; Italian Episcopal Conference, Commission for Liturgy, Pastoral letter Il rinnovamento liturgico in Italia 74*.
Dormition of Mary
Eastern solemnity on the 15th August 23* and 190*.
Dress
to wear a particular d. 15, distinctive sign of some confraternities 69; the scapular as a reduced form of religious d. 205.
Dying
commendation to Saint Joseph 220-221 and to the intercession of the saints 235.
E
East
Liturgy, iconography, hymnody in the E. in the Middle Ages 28; the Blessed Virgin Mary in Advent in the calandar of the Christian E. 101; the feast Hypapante in the byzantine E. 120; spread of the Trisagio 159; marian months in the E. 190; Akathistos hymn 207; veneration of the saints 208; iconography 243.
See Byzantine rite , Coptic rite
Easter
E. Sunday and popular piety 148-151.
See Eastertide, Easter Triduum.
Easter proclamation
used in some places at the Epiphany 118.
Eastertide
liturgical significance and implications for popular piety152-156..
Ecumenism
week of prayer for Christian unity 182, the Pentecost novena 155; the ecumenical criterion for expressions of popular piety 182; and marian pious exercises 186, and the hymn Akathistos 207; the shrine as a place of ecumenical promise 277-278.
Elderly
anointing of the sick and the e. 269; welcoming sick pilgrims to shrines 275.
Engaged couples
exchange of spousal promises 112.
Epiphany of the Lord
origin of the feast 25, anchored in the one paschal mystery of Christ 27; the solemnity of the E. 25, 27, and its implications for popular piety 118.
Episcopal Vicars
recipients of this Directory 5.
Eucharist
acts of piety and devotion have their place outside of the Eucharistic celebration 13; devotion to the Passion must lead to full participation in the E. 80; memorial of Christ’s Pasch 81; common priesthood and the E. 85; precept to receive Holy Communion at least once a year 125; reality and depth of devotion to the E. 160; Eucharistic processions and adoration of the E. 162-165; celebratory context of the E. in the practice of the first Fridays of the month 171 and of the first Saturdays 174; the Church prays in every E. for the gifts of unity and peace 182; triduums and novenas as a preparation for the Sunday E. 189; E. and the feasts of the saints 227; Saints and the celebration of the E. 234; the celebration of the eucharistic sacrifice for the deceased 251, and the funeral rites 252 and intercession 255; E. at shrines 268; celebration of the E. at the beginning of a pilgrimage, at its centre and at its conclusion 287.
Eucharistic Adoration
substitute for eucharistic communion which was rare in the Middle Ages 32; exposition and e. on December 31st 114; after the Mass of the Lord’s Supper 141; expression of devotion to the Eucharist, purpose and method of e. 164-165.
See Eucharistic devotion.
Eucharistic Devotion
significance and correct ordering 160-163
See Eucharistic Adoration.
Evangelisation
in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries e. was helped through the pious exercises promoted by missionaries 36; importance of popular piety in e. 64; e. of popular piety 2, 21, 66, 80; the shrine as a place of e. 274.
Exorcisms
Litany of the Saints during e. 235.
Exposition of the Most Blessed Sacrament
See Eucharistic adoration
F
Family
the f. as subject of popular piety 68; feast of the Holy Family and the carrying out of the Christian family’s rites and moments of prayer (dedication to the Holy Family, blessing of children, renewal of marriage vows, engaged couple’s exchange of promises) 112; blessing of the family table 68, 109, 150, 260; annual blessing of familes in their homes 152, the consecration of the family to the Sacred Heart of Jesus 68, 171; readings and reflections on the f. in God’s word 68; f. and pious practices 72.
Fasting
linked to sacred times 25; f. during Lent 126.
Father (God)
the mystery of God’s paternity 79-80.
Fatima
apparitions at F. and devotion to the Immaculate Heart of Mary 174; gatherings for marian prayer recalling F. on the 13th of every month 189; shrine of F. 285.
Feast
times of f. 20; the source of f. days 33; marian f. and pious exercises 187; preparation for f. 189; convergent elements in the f. of a saint 227, its preparation and celebration 230-234; f. and their religious and anthropological content 232 –233.
First Fridays
practice of the nine f. 42, 171.
Formation
f. of priests and faithful 11; the importance of f. for popular piety 59.
See Catechesis
Forty Hours
Eucharistic devotion 165
Friday
memorial of the Passion 130.
See First Fridays
Funeral rites
prayers that the angels might accompany the soul of the deceased into paradise 215; procession to the cemetery 245; rites 252-254.
See Deceased.
G
Good Friday
liturgical meaning and demonstrations of popular pity 142-145; the procession of the “dead Christ” 142-143; the representation of the Passion 144; the devotion to Our Lady of Sorrows 145; the “ reproaches “ 159.
Gregory the Great
reference to a fruitful relationship between Liturgy and popular piety 27.
Guadalupe (Our Lady of)
the feast 102; the shrine 207*, 285.
H
Harmonisation
h. between liturgy and popular piety as the aim of this Directory 4; h. and not opposition or suppression 50, 58, 74; the second part of the Directory exemplifies this h.
History
liturgy and popular piety throughout the centuries 22-46 (antiquity 23-27; Middle ages 28-33; modern era 34-43; contemporary era 44-46); history of salvation 76; historical development of pilgrimages 281-285.
Holy Family
the liturgical feast 112
Holy Saturday
The meaning of this day 146; the pious exercise of the Ora della Madre 147.
Holy Spirit
Action of the H. in the christian worship 78-80 and 85; H. and sacraments 79; the S. and the expression of popular piety, the relevance, action and role of the H. 80, 83 and 156.
See Novena (of Pentecost), Pentecost, Veni Creator Spiritus, Veni Sancte Spiritus.
Holy Thursday
Eucharistic adoration and the place of reposition of the Most Blessed Sacrament 141 and 164.
Holy Water
aspersion rite at Sunday Mass 119; blessing of the table with h. At the Easter Vigil 150; the use of h. during the funeral rites 254.
Holy Week
differences and harmonization between the liturgical celebrations and demonstrations of popular piety 138-139.
See Palms, Holy Thursday, Good Friday, Holy Saturday, Easter.
I
Iconography
See Images.
Images
kissing and touching i. 15; the value and relevance of i. in popular piety, and the vigilance over their production and their use 18; the struggle against the iconoclast heresy and the cultural significance of the icon 28; influence of apocryphal literature upon iconography 30; i. and confraternities 41; related to the Sacred Heart of Jesus 172 –173, to the blood of Christ 179, to the Saints 244; rite of crowning an image of the Blessed Virgin Mary 203; doctrine of the Church on sacred images. 238-244; processions with images and their veneration 239; the correct use of i. 241-242; i. as arttistic and cultural expressions 243; production of i. 243; blessing of i. 244 placing of i. 244; i. venerated at shrines 286; i. as a reminder of a shrine 287.
Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary
solemnity and novena 102.
Immaculate Heart of Mary
liturgical memorial and devotions 174; the “miraculous medal” and the I. 206.
Inculturation
adaptation and i. from the 4th century 24 –27; i. in the 124th to the 16th centuries 36 and 43; i. and popular piety 91-92.
See Culture
Indulgences
pious exercises and i. 72; i. for the souls of the deceased 251.
Initiation, Christian
i. and the common priesthood 85; i. and Lent 124; celebration of i. and mystagogy during eastertide 191.
Innocent (Saint)
increasing value of feasts 113.
Institutes, religious
and this Directory 5; pious practices of religious families 72; the Saturday memorial of Mary and religious communities 188; formulas of Marian litanies used in Orders and i. 203.
Intercession
purpose and forms of i. for the dead 248-260; meaning of i. and their various forms 251 and 255.
See Deceased, Funeral rites.
J
Jansenism
influence of j. in returning purity to Liturgy 42; g. and devotion to the Sacred Heart of Jesus 170.
Jesus Christ
the mystery of J. at the centre of the life of worship 77-80; the mysteries of the infancy of J. and devotions 34, 79, 108; memorial of the name of J. 107; the mysteries of the Passion of J. and devotions 34, 41, 62, 79, 129, 144; reading and meditation on the Passion of J. during Lent and on Good Friday130, 142; veneration and devotion to the crucifix and the cross during Lent and its adoration on Good Friday 127-129, 142-143, 159; procession of the “dead Christ” on Good Friday 142-143; procession with the image of the Risen One on Easater Sunday 149; Sacred Heart of J. (solemnity and devotions) 42, 166-173, 206; devotions and worship to the Blood of J. 175-179; Christological titles 176; the death of the faithful in the light of the mystery of Christ 250;
See Baptism (of the Lord), Sacred Heart of Jesus, Sunday, Epiphany of the Lord, Eucharist, Christmas, Easter, Passion of the Lord, Presentation of the Lord, Blood of Christ, Good Friday, “Via Crucis”, “Via lucis”.
John Paul II
directives concerning popular piety 2; family 68; examples of the “Via Crucis” over which he presided 139*; consecration to the Immaculate Heart of Mary 174* and the act of consecration to Mary 204*; Akathistos hymn 207; Documents: Allocution to the Rectors of French Shrines 263*; Allocution to the bishops of Abruzzo and Molise 65*, 66*; Allocution to the bishops of Basilicata and Puglia 61*; Discourse to the Fourth Latin-american Episcopal Conference at Santo Domingo 64*; Discourse at the Angelus in Mexico City 102; Discourse at the Angelus 278*; Discourse at Popayan 65*; Apostolic constitution Divinitus perfectionis magister 210*; Apostolic constitution Pastor Bonus 3*, 21; Apostolic exhortation Catechesi tradendae 2*, 6*, 61*, 64*; Apostolic exhortation Familiaris consortio 2*, 68; Apostolic exhortation Redemptoris Custos 220*, 223*; Apostolic letter Vicesimus quintus annus 2*, 6*, 21*, 59*, 66*; Apostolic letter Dies Domini 95*; Encyclical letter Dives in misericordia 154*; Encyclical letter Redemptoris Mater 204*, 207*, 264*; Encyclical letter Redemptoris missio 156*; Message for the centenary of the consecration of the human race to the Sacred Heart of Jesus 167*; Homily at La Serena 9*, 50*, 61*, 71*, 156*; Homily at the Shrine of the Virgin Mary “de Zapopan” 61*, 63*; Homily at the Shrine of Jasna Góra 278*.
John the Baptist (Saint)
in Liturgy and in popular piety 224-225, 229.
John XXII
extended to the Latin Church the feast of the Most Holy Trinity 157.
John XXIII (blessed)
approval of the litany of the Blood of Christ 178.
Joseph (Saint)
feast of the Holy Family 112; J. in the Liturgy and in popular piety 211, 218-223, 229; the protection of J.. 220; J. as model for workers and craftsmen 220; J. as patron of those who are dying 220-221; prayer of Leo XIII to J. 222; Litany of J. and other pious exercises 222; solemnity of J. and Lent 223.
Judaism
forms of personal and popular piety originating in J. 23; reason for conflict concerning pilgrimage in the first centuries282.
L
Language of popular piety
verbal and physical expressions of popular piety, times and places 14-20.
Lent
Liturgy and popular piety in Q. 124-139; reading of the Passion 130; Ash Wednesday 125; the veneration of the Crucifix 127; 131-135 Via Crucis; 136-137 Via Matris; Holy Week 138-139; Q. and solemnity of Saint Joseph 223, and the celebration of saints 230.
Lenten Season
See Lent.
Leo XIII
Apostolic letter Deiparae Perdolentis 136*; Apostolic letter Neminem fugit 112*; Encyclical letter Annum sacrum 167*; Encyclical letter Quamquam pluries 220*; on the Rosary in October 203; prayer to Saint Joseph 222.
Life
value and defense of the gift of the life 105, 113.
Litanies
of the Sacred Heart of Jesus 171; of the Blood of Christ 178; of the Blessed Virgin Mary 203; of Saint Joseph 222 of the saints 235.
Liturgical books
Breviarium Romanum 39*; Calendarium Romanum 95*, 221*, 228*, 230*; Collectio missarum de Beata Maria Virgine 149*, 184*, 188*, 193*, 268*, 278*; Institutio generalis de Liturgia Horarum 67*, 68*, 110*, 245*, 271*; Institutio generalis Missalis Romani 237*, 244*, 255*, 268*; Liturgia Horarum 113*, 149*, 177*, 188*, 215*, 231*; Missale Romanum 39*, 40*, 79*, 80*, 108*, 115*, 116*, 124*, 177*, 182*, 188*, 210*, 211*, 215*, 220*, 234*, 248*, 249*, 250*, 255*, 257*, 281*; De Benedictionibus 112*, 121*, 150*, 152*, 198*, 205*, 206*, 243*, 244*, 272*, 273*, 287*; De sacra communione et de cultu mysterii eucharistici extra Missam 161*, 162*, 163*, 164*, 165*, 245*; Martyrologium Romanum 227; Ordo coronandi imaginem Beatae Mariae Virginis 203*; Ordo dedicationis ecclesiae et altaris 237*, 244*; Ordo exsequiarum 215*, 252*, 254*; Ordo Paenitentiae 215*, 267; Ordo unctionis infirmorum eorumque pastoralis curae 130, 215*, 221*, 269; Rituale Romanum 181*, 225*.
Liturgical movement
development of the l. in the twentieth century 46.
Liturgical traditions
formation and development of the various liturgical traditions 26.
Liturgical year
Primacy of the l. over devotions 11, 94; celebration of the l. and popular piety 94-182; harmonising the ‘marian months’ with the l. 191; veneration of the saints and blesseds during the l.. 209.
See also Advent, Sunday, Christmas, Lent, Palm Sunday, Pentecost, Holy week, Paschal triduum, Eastertide, Ordinary time.
Liturgy
connection between L. and popular piety 2, 47-58; primacy of the L. 11; causes of imbalance between L. and popular piety 48-49; teaching of the Magisterium concerning the harmonisation between L. and popular piety 60-75; L. and pious exercises 73-74; the Church as worshipping community 81.
Liturgy of the hours
ecclesial praise of God 81; office of readings on Christmas night, before Holy Mass 110; connection between the L. and Eucharistic adoration 165; L. for the deceased 255; L. in the shrines 271, at the beginning of a pilgrimage and during the journey 271 and 287.
M
Magic
incompatibility between popular piety and m. rites, superstitions and spiritism 12.
Magisterium
teaching of the M. on Liturgy and popular piety 60-75; the value of popular piety 61-64; warning on the dangers 65-66; approval of pious exercises 72; M. and pious exercises 70-74, 192-207, and marian pious exercises 185-186; the renewal of popular piety 75.
See Pius XII, Paul VI, John Paul II, Dicasteries of the Holy See, Documents of the Conferences of bishops, “Marialis cultus”, “Sacrosanctum Concilium”.
Marialis cultus
Apostolic exhortation of Paul VI on Marian devotion 2*, 61*, 73*, 74*, 75*, 101*, 123*, 165*, 180*, 182*, 184*, 185*, 186*, 195*, 197*, 201*, 207*.
Marian months
origin and purpose 190-191.
Marriage
renewal of m. vows 112.
Martyrology
the proclamation of the birth of the Lord in the formula of the Roman M. 111; book that lists the names of many saints and blesseds, for liturgical use 227.
Martyrs
popular use of the cult of m. 23; memorials of the m. 25; pilgrimages to the tombs of the m. 32 and 282; the cult of m. 208 and 227.
Mary, Blessed Virgin
the veneration of M. 183-207; act of consecration to M. 204; Mother of Sorrows 136 and 145; Akathistos 207; Angelus Domini 31 and 195; Assumption 180-181; Advent and M. 101-102; Carmel 205; Immaculate Heart of M. 174 and 206; ecumenical dimension of marian piety 207 and 278; Eucharist and M. 165; Fatima 174, 189, 285; Guadalupe 102 and 285; iconography 23; Christiana initiation and M. 191; Immaculate Conception (solemnity, novena) 102 and 181; marian litanies 203; Mother of God (solemnity) 115-117; votive medals 206; marian months 190-191; novenas 189; Ora della desolata and Planctus Mariae, pious exercises on Good Friday 145; Ora della Madre, pious exercises of Holy Saturday 147; Word of God and M. 193-194; Easter and M. 149, 151, 191; marian piety: primitive expressions 23, in the Middle Ages 32, in the post-tridentine age 41; marian pious exercises185-186, 192-207, and their times 187-191; Presentation (feast of the 2nd February and devotions) 120-121; Regina caeli 196; Rosary 197-202; Saturday memorial 188; marian shrines 284-285; scapular 205; Via Matris, lenten pious exercise 136-137.
May
practice and guidelines concerning the month of m. 190-191.
Medals
carrying votive m.15; distinctive sign of some confraternities 69; mariane medals, the “miraculous medal” 206.
Middle Ages
relationship between Liturgy and popular piety 28-33.
Mission
the m. “ad gentes” in Africa, America and the Far East 36; m. and local culture 43; missionary character of the Epiphany 118; “day of suffering for the missions” 156; pious exercises and the missionary imperative 186; the shrine as a place of evangelisation and of coperating with the m. “ad gentes” 274.
Modern era
Liturgy and popular piety in the m. 34-43.
Music
expression of a people 17; the function of m. regarding the Holy Spirit 80.
See Singing.
N
New Year
customs and prayer intentions linked with January 1st 116-117.
New Year’s Eve (31st December)
forms of prayer 114.
Novena/s
source n. in the Middle Ages 32; n. and confraternities 69; n. for the deceased 260, of the Immaculate 101-102, of marian feasts 189, of Christmas 103, of Pentecost 155.
O
“Ora della Desolata”
pious exercise on Good Friday 145.
“Ora della Madre”
pious exercise on Holy Saturday 147.
Ordinary
the competence of the o. to oversee the exposition of sacred images for veneration 244.
to approve texts for public prayer and acts of piety 16; the o. is responsible for acts of popular piety 21 and 92; to approve a shrine and its pilgrimages 264 and 279*.
Ordinary Time
liturgical significance and implications for popular piety 57-182.
Our Lady of Sorrows
the devotion to the Way of the Mother of Sorrows and the ‘seven sorrows’ 136-137; the memory of Mary’s sorrows 145; devotions surrounding Mary at her Son’s Passion 145; The “miraculous medal” recalls the sorrowful heart of Mary 206.
P
Palm Sunday
procession 139.
Paschal Triduum
highpoint of the liturgical year 80, 140-151; relevance to the p. of the mystery of the Blood of Christ 177.
Passion of the Lord
the mysteries of the P. and devotion 34, 41, 62, 79, 80, 124, 127, 129; the reading of the Passion of the Lord in Lent 130; the Via Crucis 131-135, representations of the P. 32 and 144.
Patrons
in the context of confraternities and communities 31 and 118; P. of cities and corporations 216; celebrations of P. of particular Churches 229, of a community or of a religious family 230; processions in honour of a saint P. 246.
Paul V
promulgated the Rituale Romanum (1614) 39*.
Paul VI
Apostolic exhortation Evangelii nuntiandi 2*, 6*, 9*, 61*; Apostolic exhortation Marialis cultus 2*, 61*, 73*, 74*, 75*, 101*, 123*, 165*, 180*, 182*, 184*, 185*, 186*, 193*, 195*, 197*, 202*, 207*; Apostolic letter Investigabiles divitias Christi 167*; Apostolic letter Mysterii paschalis 94*, 228*; Encyclical letter Mysterium fidei 164*; Letter to Card. Silva Henríquez 205*; Homily on the feast of the Presentation of Jesus in the Temple 278*.
Peace
prayer for p. and “world days of peace” 117.
Penance
Lent and the sacrament of P. 125; precept of the C. to confess one’s serious sins at least once per year 125; sacrament of P. and first Fridays 171; preparation for a feast and the sacrament of P. 189; its celebration. (place, preparation, ritual) in shrines 267; penitential dimension of pilfrimage 286.
Pentecost
P. novena 155; P. Sunday156.
Perpetual Adoration
expression of eucharistic devotion 165.
Pilgrimage/s
in the Middle Ages 32; tradition, significance and development of p. 279-287; centres of pilgrimage 284; spirituality of p. (eschatological dimensions, penance, festive, worship, apostolic, communion) 286; p. to a shrine 287; Liturgy of the Hours during p. 271; biblical tradition 280 and christian 281-285.
Pious exercise/s
significance 7, description and characteristics 70-72; p. and indulgences 72; Liturgy and p. 73-74; renewal 75; adaptation and inculturation of a p. 92; marian p. and the Magisterium 185-186 and 192-207; marian p. 187-191.
Pius V (St.)
Promulgated the Breviarium Romanum (1568) and the Missale Romanum (1570) 39*.
Pius IX (Blessed)
placed the universal Church under the patronage Saint Joseph 220.
Pius X (Saint)
teaching on Liturgy and popular piety and the “Motu proprio” Tra le sollecitudini 46; approved the Litany of Saint Joseph 222.
Pius XI
consecration to the Sacred Heart of Jesus (Encyclical letter Miserentissimus Redemptor) 171.
Pius XII
defense of pious exercises 46; concerning the “liturgical movement” (Allocution to the participants at the First International Congress on Liturgy, Assisi-Rome 1956) 46*; consecration of the Church and of the human race to the Immaculate Heart of Mary 174; Feast of Saint Joseph the Worker on the first of May 220; Encyclical letter Haurietis aquas 167*; Encyclical letter Mediator Dei 8*, 46, 164*.
Places
pilgrimages to Holy places 32, 283; p. and spaces of expression of popular piety (church, shrine, home, work environment, streets and squares) 19; dedication of p. 33.
Planctus Mariae
marian pious exercise on Good Friday 145.
Popular piety
Angels 213-217; liturgical year 94-182; 16; approval of texts 16; blessings 272-273; singing17; Church81-84; Constitution Sacrosanctum Concilium 50-58; culture 63; Sacred Heart of Jesus 166-173; deceased 248-260; ecumenism 12, 155, 182, 277-278; Eucharist 160-165; evangelisation 2, 21, 66, 80; family 68; formation 59; images and iconography 18, 238-244; inculturation 58, 66, 91-92; language of p. 14-20; Liturgy in relationship to p. 2, 13, 47-58, 94; places19, 33; Magisterium 60-75; Blessed Virgin Mary 183-207; music 17; Word of God 87-89; pilgrimage 279-287; dangers and risks 65-66; personal piety 23; pious exercises 70-74; theological principles 11-13, 76-92; processions 245-247; teachings of the Holy See and the Episcopal Conferences 2; relics 236-237; responsibility 21; private revelations 90; renewal 12, 75, 76-92; common priesthood p. 85-86; Saints 208-247; shrines 262-279; subject of p. 67-69; history: Christian antiquity 23-27, contemporary age 44-46, modern age 34-43, medieval period 28-33; special themes of p. 62; times 20, 32; terminology 6, 9; texts16; Trinity 76-80, 157-159; values 61-64.
Popular religiosity
terminology 5, 10
Post-tridentine era
Liturgy and popular piety in the p. 39-41.
Prayer
ancient forms of personal p. 23; p. manuals 41; personal p. and private, methods of p. 82-83; animated by the Spirito, p. as opening to God and neighbour 156; p. before the Most Blessed Sacrament 165; p. is helped by sacred images 240; the p. of a pilgrim at a shrine 286.
Presentation of the Lord
liturgical feast and its relationship to popular piety 120-123.
Priests
popular piety and the ministry of the p. 1, among those to whom this Directory is addressed 5.
Private revelations
their role 90.
Procession/s
meaning and form 245-247; p.: of Advent 99; for the Presentation of the Lord 120; in Holy Week 138; of the palms - olive branches 139; on Holy Thursday 141; on Good Friday 142-143, 245; Easter 149; Eucharistic 162-163 and 245; with relics 237, 245; with sacred images 239; with the holy oils 245; on rogation days 245; Lenten stations 245; baptismal vespers 245; Viaticum 245; to the cemetery 245; votive 246.
Protestantism
the rise of p. 38, its development 41 and its objections 208.
Public Squares
places of popular piety 19.
Purgatory
final purification of the chosen 210, 251.
R
Rectors Of Shrines
recipients of the Directory 5; vigilance of the r. concerning sacred images 18; responsibility and competence of the r. concerning liturgical celebrations 270-272; the Bishop’s collaborators 288.
Regina Caeli
Easter song to the Blessed Virgin Mary 151, 196
Reincarnation
risks surrounding beliefs in r. 258
Relics
devotion and veneration for the r. of the Saints 15, 236-237; procession with the r. 245; r. of the Passion 283-284.
Religious Superiors
recipients of this Directory 5; competence regarding some pious exercises linked to a religious family 92.
Renewal
criteria and principles for the r. of pious exercises 12, 75, 76-92
Representations of the Passion
significance 144
Responsibility
r. and competences concerning popular piety 21.
Resurrection Of the Dead
the faith of the Church 248-250.
Rogation Days
the r processions. 245.
Roman rite
the present Directory primarily concerns the R. 5; reform of the R. after the Council of Trent 39.
Rosary
in the Middle Ages 32; reference to the Scriptures 89; the r. and adoration of the Most Blessed Sacrament 165; meaning, value and description of the pious exercise of the r. 197-202; blessing of the r. 198; the Litany is not an appendix to the R. 203.
Rosary beads
blessing of r. 1.98.
S
Sacramentals
their meaning 81; the celebrations of the s. in sanctuaries 272.
See Blessings.
Sacraments
The action of the Holy Spirit in the s. of the Church 79; the sacramental economy 81; the celebrations of the s. in shrines 267-270.
Sacred Heart of Jesus
devotion to the S. in the seventh century 43; liturgical solemnity and devotions 166-173; scriptural basis for devotion to the S. 167, riflessione patristica 168 and di Autori sacri 168-170; forme di devozione 171-172 and iconografia 173; richiamo al C. nella “medaglia miracolosa” 206.
Sacred representations
in the Middle Ages 32; of the Passion 144.
Sacred Scripture
insufficient knowledge of S. in the Middle Ages 30; the seperation from S. during the period of catholic reform 41; reference to S. in the expression of religious sentiment 87 and in pious exercises 186; reference to S. in eucharistic adoration 165; the S. foundations for the devotion to the Sacred Heart of Jesus 167 and to the Blood of Christ 175; the relationship between S. and hagiography 234.
See Word of God.
Sacrosanctum Concilium
the teaching of the Constitution on Sacred Liturgy of the Vatican Council II: 7*, 11*, 18*, 46, 50-59, 67*, 70*, 71*, 72*, 73*, 81*, 83*, 94*, 95*, 171*, 175*, 180*, 201*, 209*, 228*, 229*, 237*, 268*..
Saints
Development of the memorial of S. 27; S. and confraternities 41; the veneration of S., meaning and doctrine 208-212; the devotion to S. in the Liturgy and in popular piety 226-247; the celebration of S. 227-229; the feast day (preparation, religious and anthropological content) 230-233; S. and the celebration of the Eucharist 234; Litanies 235; images 236; relics 236-237; processions 245-247; S. pilgrimage centres 284.
See Angels, John the Baptist; Holy Innocents; Joseph, Patron/s.
Santuary/ies
relevance for popular piety 19; s. in the 19th century 45; s. in honour of the Holy Angels 216; meaning and importance of s. 261-279; s. and charity 275; s. and celebrations of worship 265-273 (as exemplars of Liturgy 266; Eucharist 261, 268; christian initation 270; Liturgy of the Hours 271; Marriage 270; Penance 261, 267; Sacramentals 272; Sacraments 270; Anointing of the sick 269; s. and culture 276; s. and ecumenism 277-278; expression of the identity of faith and culture of a country 285; s. and evangelisation 274; canonical recognition of a s. 264; souvenirs of a s. 287; theological and symbolic content of s. 262-263; welcoming of pilgrims to the s. and their departure 287.
Saturday Memorial of the Blessed Virgin Mary
the “first five Saturdays of the month” and the devotion to the Immaculate Heart of Mary 174; the memorial of the Blessed Virgin Mary in the Saturday Liturgy and in popular piety 188.
Scapular
Meaning and devotion 205.
Sects
hostility of sects towards popular piety 1; healthy popular devotion as an antidote against the s. 64.
Sense of the Sacred
in reference to time and place 25.
Septenary
in preparation to a marian feast 189.
Seven anguishes and joys
a pious exercise in honour of Saint Joseph 222.
Seven sorrows of Mary
devotion 136.
See Via Matris.
Seven Wednesdays
pious exercises in honour of Saint Joseph 222.
Sick
procession with viaticum to the s. 246; shrine as a place of love for the s. 275.
See Anointing of the Sick
Sign of the Cross
As an opening to prayer 157; sign of a blessing 272.
Singing
importance and value of s. in popular piety, combined with music and dance 17; creation of popular songs in the fourteenth century 45.
Spiritism
inadmissibility of s. rites in popular piety 12.
Sub tuum praesidium
venerated prayer to the Mother of God 23.
Sunday
new testament origins of S. 25; values to be safeguarded for S., even when compared with manifestations of popular piety 95, 171; catechesis on the value of S.. 95, 191; respecting the norms concerning the transfer to Sunday of solemnities and feasts 95, 230; the Saturday memorial of Mary as a preparation for S. 188; Palm S. and the Passion 139; Easter S. 149-151; Pentecost S. 156.
Superstition
non admission of s. rites in popular piety 12; supervision regarding the exposition of images that could induce s. 244.
T
Table
blessing of the family t. 68, 109, 150, 260
Te Deum
sung on 31st December 114; hymn T. and Trisagio 159.
Terminology
around forms, practices, and demonstrations of popular piety 6-10.
Times
the t. of the various expressions of popular pity 20; sacred t. 25, the rhythm of the liturgical year 32; winter t. 100.
See liturgical Year.
Tridua
time devoted 32 to particular devotions; in preparation to parties mariane 189.
Trinity, Most Holy
trinitarian imprint on Christian worship 76-80; liturgical solemnity and devotions 157-159.
Trisaghion
pious exercise to the Most Holy Trinity 159.
U
Unity
week of prayer for u. 155, 182; prayer for u. and the hymn Akathistos 207; the role of the shrines 277-278.
See Ecumenism.
Urban IV
extension of the feast of Body and Blood of the Lord to the Latin Church 160.
V
Veni Creator Spiritus
hymn sung on 1st January 116; invocation of the Holy Spirit 156.
Veni Sancte Spiritus
invocation of the Holy Spirit 156.
Vernacular
v. and popular piety in the Middle Ages 32; demand for the v. in the Liturgy at the beginning of the sixteenth century 37; permission to use the Bible in the v. 42.
Via Crucis
scriptural 89; the pious exercise of the V. (its origin, meaning, and form) 131-135; on Good Friday 142; related to the “via lucis “ 153.
Via Lucis
pious exercise in Eastertide 153.
Via Matris
meaning of the pious exercise, in harmony with themes of Lent 136-137.
Via Sanguinis
pious exercise in honour of the Blood of Christ 178.
Viaticum
v. and the reservation of the Body of the Lord 141, 164; procession to bring v. to the sick 245.
Visits to the Most Blessed Sacrament
Eucharistic devotion 165.
W
Winter time
meaning and value 100.
Word of God
reading and meditating the W. in families 68; W. and popular piety 87-89; the reading of the Passion of the Lord in Lent 130; celebrations of the W. marian piety 193-194; the W. in rites of blessing 272.
See Sacred Scripture
Work
invocation invocation of the Holy Spirit at the beginning of a w. or activity 156; Saint Joseph as a model for workers and craftsmen 220.
Worship
in the context of Christian revelation 76-80.
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NOTES
(1) SC 10.
(2) Cf. SC 12 and 13.
(3) Cf. SC 13.
(4) Cf. S. CONGREGATION OF RITES, Instruction Eucharisticum mysterium (25.4. 1967), 58-67; PAUL VI, Apostolic Exhortation Marialis cultus (2.2.1974), 24-58; Apostolic Exhortation Evangelii nuntiandi (8.12.1975), 48; JOHN PAUL II, Apostolic Exhortation Catechesi tradendae (16.10.1979), 54; Apostolic Exhortation Familiaris consorti (22.11.1981) 59-62; CONGREGATION FOR THE CLERGY, General Directory on Catechesis (15.8.1997), Libreria Editrice Vaticana, Città del Vaticano 1997, nn. 195-196.
(5) See, for example, III CONFERENCIA GENERAL DEL EPISCOPADO LATINO-AMERICANO, Documento de Puebla, 444-469, 910-915, 935-937, 959-963; CONFERENCIA EPISCOPAL DE ESPANA, Documento pastoral de la Comision episcopal de Liturgia, Evangelizacion y renovation de la piedad popular, Madrid 1987; Liturgia y piedad popular, Directorio Liturgico-Pastoral, Secretariado Nacional de Liturgia, Madrid 1989; CONFERENCIA GENERAL DEL EPISCOPADO LATINO-AMERICANO, Documento de Santo Domingo, 36, 39, 53.
(6) JOHN PAUL II, Apostolic Letter Vicemus Quintus Annus (4.12.1988), 18.
(7) JOHN PAUL II, Apostolic Constitution Pastor Bonus (28.6.1988), 70.
(8) Cf. LG 21; SC 41; Decree Christus Dominus, 15; Sacred Congregation for Bishops, Directorium de pastorali ministerio Episcoporum, Typis Polyglotis Vaticanis 1973, 75-76, 82, 90-91; CIC, can. 835, ‘ 1 and can. 839, ‘2; JOHN PAUL II, Apostolic Letter Vicesimus quintus annus, 21.
(9) Treating of the same material, the Apostolic Exhortation, Evangelii Nuntiandi, 48, for example, having recalled its richness, states: “because of this we gladly call it popular piety, that is, religion of the people, rather than religiosity of the people”; the Apostolic Exhortation Catechesi tradendae, 54, uses the expression “popular piety”; the Code of Canon Law, can. 1234, ‘1, adopts the term “popular piety”; John Paul II uses the term “popular piety” in the Apostolic Letter Vicesimus quintus annus; The Catechism of the Catholic Church, 1674-1676, uses the expression “popular religiosity” but is also aware of the term “popular piety” (1679); the fourth Instruction for the correct implementation of the conciliar Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy (37-40) Varietates legitimae, published by the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments (25.1.1994) employs the expression “popular piety” in article 45.
(10) Cf. SC 13.
(11) Cf. SC 13.
(12) SC 13.
(13) Cf. COUNCIL OF TRENT, Decretum de invocatione, veneratione, et reliquiis Sanctorum, et sacris imaginibus (3. 12. 1563), in DS 1821-1825; Pius XII, Encyclical Letter Mediator Dei, in AAS 39 (1947) 581-582; SC 104; LG 50.
(14) JOHN PAUL II, Homily at the celebration of the Word in La Serena (Chile), 2, in Insegnamenti di Giovanni Paolo II, X/1 (1987), Libreria Editrice Vaticana, Città del Vaticano 1988, p. 1078.
(15) PAUL VI, Apostolic Exhortation Evangelii nuntiandi, 48.
(16) SC 7.
(17) CONGREGATION FOR DIVINE WORSHIP AND THE DISCIPLINE OF THE SACRAMENTS, IV Instruction on the correct application of the Conciliar Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy (nn. 37-40) Varietates legitimae, 48.
(18) Cf. CIC, can 826, ‘ 3.
(19) Cf. SC 118.
(20) Cf. COUNCIL OF NICEA II, Definitio de sacris imaginibus (23 October 787) in DS 601; COUNCIL OF TRENT Decretum de invocatione, veneratione,et reliquiis Sanctorum, et sacris imaginibus (3 December 1563), in DS 1823-1825.
(21) Cf. SC 124-125.
(22) Cf. CIC, can 1188.
(23) Cf. JOHN PAUL II, Apostolic Letter Vicesimus quintus annus, 18; CONGREGATION FOR DIVINE WORSHIP AND THE DISCIPLINE OF THE SACRAMENTS, IV Instruction for the correct application of the conciliar Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy (nn. 37-40) Varietates legitimae, 45.
(24) Cf. CIC, can 826, ‘ 3.
(25) The following examples can be traced to a popular context: the Benedictio fructuum (n. 32) in A. BOTTE (ed.) La Tradition apostolicque de saint Hippolyte. Essai de reconstruction, Aschendorff, Meunster Westfalen, ed. 1989, pp. 18, 78.
(26) Some customs connected with the cult of the martyrs almost certainly derive from popular practices: lamps placed at their tombs; wreathes of flowers and leaves which lent a festive note to sacred places; fragrant unguents placed on the tombs of the martyrs; various objects, especially cloths called brandae, palliola, nomina touched to the tombs of the martyrs were regarded as precious, authentic relics; the custom of the refrigerium at the tombs of the martyrs.
(27) The famous De Navitate Mariae (third century), also known as the Protoevangelium Icaobi and numerous accounts of the De dormitione Mariae of the second century, all bear witness to early Christian devotion to the Mother of God. According to scholars, these writings refer to many popular traditions which had a significant influence on the development of Marian devotion.
(28) “[Placuit] ut nemo in precibus vel Patrem, vel pro Filio, vel Filium pro Patre nominet. Et cum altari assistitur, semper as patrem dirigatur oratio. Et quicumque sibi preces aliunde describit, non eis utatur, nisi prius cum instructioribus fratribus contulerit”: THIRD COUNCIL OF CARTHAGE , can. 23, N. 1, in I. D. Mansi, Sacrorum Conciliorum nova et amplissima collectio, III, Florentiae 1759, col. 884; “Placuit etiam hoc, ut preces quae probatae fuerint in concilio celebrentur, sive praefationes sive commendationes, seu manus impositiones, ab omnibus celebrentur, nec aliae omnino contra fidem praeferantur: sed quaecumque a prudentioribus fuerint collectae, dicantur”: Codex canonum Ecclesiae Africae, can. 103 (ibid., col 807).
(29) In DS 600-603.
(30) Text in Annales Camaldulenses, IX, Venice 1773, coll. 612-719.
(31) Cf. FIFTH LATERAN COUNCIL, [Bulla reformationis Curiae] in Conciliorum Oecumenicorum Decreta, edited by the Istituto per le scienze religiose di Bologna, Edizioni Dehoniane, Bologna 1991, p. 625.
(32) The Decretum de sacramentis DS 1600-1630) and the Decretum de ss. Eucharistia (DS 1635-1650), the discussions leading to the Decretum de sacramento paenitentiae (DS 1667-1693), the De doctrina de sacramento extremae unctionis (DS 1694-1700), the Docrina de communione sub utraque specie et parvulorum (DS 1725-1730), the Docrinna de ss. Missae sacrificio (DS 1738-1750) dealing with essential matters of faith on the Catholic doctrine of the Eucharist as a sacrifice, and on points relating to its ritual celebration, the Decretum super petitione concessionis calicis (DS 1760), the Doctrina de sacramento ordinis (DS 1763-1770), Doctrina de sacramento matrimonii (DS 1797-1800), the Decretum de Purgatorio (Ds 1820), the Decretum de invocatione, veneratione, et reliquiis Sanctorum, et sacris imaginibus (DS 1821-1825), have had wide application in the field of popular piety.
(33) In Conciliorum Oecumenicorum Decreta, cit., pp. 784-796.
(34) Pius V published the Brevarium Romanum ex decreto SS. Concilii restitutum on 9 July 1568 with the Bull Quod a nobis, the Missale Rmanum ex decreto sacrosancti Concilii tridentini restitutum with the Bull Quo primum tempore of 14 July 1570; Paul V envisaged a reform of the liturgical books when he promulagted the Rituale Romanum on 16 June 1614 with the Apostolic Letters Apostolicae Sedi.
(35) The Sacra Congregatio Rituum was founded by Sixtus V on 22 January 1588 with the Apostolic Constitution Immensa aeterni Dei.
(36) In the Bull promulagting the Missale Romanum explicit reference it is explicitly stated that the experts engaged by the Apostolic See “ad pristinam Missale ipsum sanctorum Patrum normam ac ritum restituerunt”.
(37) “Motu proprio Tra le sollecitudini (22.11.1903), in Pii X Pontificis Maximi Acta, I, Akademische Druck-u. Verlagsanstalt, Graz 1971, p. 77.
(38) Cf. Pius XII, Allocution to the participants of the first International congress on pastoral liturgy, Assisi-Rome, (22.9.1956), in AAS 48 (1956) 712; SC 43.
(39) Among those involved with the movement mention must be made of Lambert Beauduin (+1960), Odo Casel (+ 1948), Pius Parsch (+1954), Bernard Botte (+ 1960), Romano Guardini (+ 1968), Josef A. Jungmann (+ 1975), Cipriano Vagaggini (+ 1999), Aimé-Georges Martimort (+2000).
(40) In AAS 39 (1947) 521-600).
(41) Cf. SC 7, 10, 13.
(42) Cf. SC 13.
(43) Cf. JOHN PAUL II, Homily at the Celebration of the Word in La Serena (Chile), 2, in Insegnamenti di Giovanni Paolo II, X/1 (1987), cit., p. 1078.
(44) SC 10.
(45) SC 7.
(46) Cf. SC 5-7.
(47) SC 2.
(48) Cf. supra n. 9.
(49) Cf. CONGREGATION FOR THE DOCTRINE OF THE FAITH, Lettera “Orationis forma” ai Vescovi della Chiesa cattolica su alcuni aspetti della meditazione cristiana (15.10.1989): AAS 82 (1990) 362-379.
(50) SC 13.
(51) III CONFERENCIA GENERAL DEL EPISCOPADO LATINO-AMERICANO, Documento de Puebla, 465 e.
(52) Ibid.
(53) Cf. JOHN PAUL II, Apostolic Letter Vicesimus Quintus Annus, 15.
(54) JOHN PAUL II, Message to the Plenary meeting of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments (21 September 2001), having reiterated the indispensable centrality of the Liturgy in the Church’s life, he said “popular piety, although not always concurring with it, has its natural climax in the celebration of the Liturgy, and should ideally be oriented towards it. This should be clearly shown by appropriate catechesis” in Notitiae 37 (2001) 403. Cf. also CONGREGATION FOR THE CLERGY, General Catechetical Directory, cit., 195-196.
(55) SC 12.
(56) Cf. supra n. 2.
(57) JOHN PAUL II, Homily given at the shrine of the Virgin Mary of “Zapopang”, 2, in AAS, 71 (1979) 228.
(58) Cf. PAUL VI, Apostolic Exhortation Marialis Cultus, 31; JOHN PAUL II, Allocution to the Bishops of Basilicata and Apulia, ad Limina visit, 4, in AAS 74 (1982) 211-213.
(59) JOHN PAUL II, Homily given at the Celebration of the Word in La Serena (Chile), 2, in Insegnamenti di Giovanni Paolo II, X/1 (1987), cit., p. 1078.
(60) Cf. PAUL VI, Apostolic Exhortation Evangelii nuntiandi, 48.
(61) Cf. JOHN PAUL II, Apostolic Exhortation Catechesi tradendae, 54.
(62) III CONFERENCIA GENERAL DEL EPISCOPADO LATINO-AMERICANO, Documento de Puuebla, 913.
(63) PAUL VI, Apostolic Exhortation Evangelii nuntiandi 48.
(64) III CONFERENCIA GENERAL DEL EPISCOPADO LATINO-AMERICANO, Documento de Puebla, 913.
(65) Cf. Ibid., 912.
(66) Cf. JOHN PAUL II, Homily given at the shrine of the Virgin Mary of “Zapopan”, 2, in AAS, 71 (1979) 228-229; III CONFERENCIA GENERAL DEL EPISCOPADO LATINO-AMERICANO, Documento de Puebla, 283.
(67) JOHN PAUL II, Apostolic Exhortation Catechesi tradendae, 54.
(68) JOHN PAUL II, Discourse at the inauguration of the IV GENERAL CONFERENCE OF THE LATIN-AMERICAN BISHOPS, Santo Domingo, (12.10.1992), 12: Insegnamenti di Giovanni Paolo II, XV/2, Libreria Editrice Vaticana, Città del Vaticano 1994, p. 323.
(69) III CONFERENCIA GENERAL DEL EPISCOPADO LATINO-AMERICANO, Documento de Puebla, 913.
(70) Ibid., 960.
(71) JOHN PAUL II, Allocution to the Conference of the Bishops of the Abruzzi and the Molise, ad Limina visit, 3, in AAS, 78 (1986) 1140.
(72) JOHN PAUL II, Discourse at Popayan (Columbia), in Insegnamenti di Giovanni Paolo II, IX/2 (1986), Libreria Editrice Vaticana, Città del Vaticano 1986, p. 115.
(73) Cf. JOHN PAUL II, Apostolic Letter Vigesimus quintus annus, 18; Allocution to the Conference of the Bishops of the Abruzzi and the Molise, ad Limina visit, 6, in AAS, 78 (1986) 1142; III CONFERENCIA GENERAL DEL EPISCOPADO LATINO-AMERICANO, Document de Puebla, 458-459; CONGREGATION FOR DIVINE WORSHIP AND THE DISCIPLINE OF THE SACRAMENTS, Circular letter, Orientamenti e proposte per la celebrazione dell’anno mariano (3.4.1987), 68.
(74) JOHN PAUL II, Allocution to the Conference of the Bishops of the Abruzzi and the Molise, ad Limina visit, 6, in AAS 78 (1986) 1142.
(75) Cf. CONGREGATION FOR DIVINE WORSHIP AND THE DISCIPLINE OF THE SACRAMENTS, IV Instruction for the correct application of the conciliar Constitution on the Liturgy (nn. 37-40) Varietatates legitimae, 9-20.
(76) SC 12.
(77) Cf. Institutio generalis de Liturgia Horarum, 9.
(78) With reference to the Liturgy note should also be made of the recommendation contained in the Institutio generalis de Liturgia Horarum, 27: “It is a laudable thing for the family, the domestic sanctuary, where possible, to celebrate in addition to the usual prayers, some parts of the Liturgy of the Hours so as to draw closer to the Church”.
(79) JOHN PAUL II, Apostolic Exhortation Familiaris Consortio, 61.
(80) Cf, CIC, can. 301 and can. 312.
(81) Cf. SC 13; LG 67.
(82) Cf. SC 13.
(83) JOHN PAUL II, Homily at the Celebration of the Word in La Serena (Chile), 2, in Insegnamenti di Giovanni Paolo II, X/1 (1987), cit., p. 1079.
(84) Cf. SC 13.
(85) SC 13.
(86) Cf. CIC can. 23.
(87) Cf., EI, Aliae concessiones, 54.
(88) Cf. SC 7.
(89) CONGREGATION FOR DIVINE WORSHIP AND THE DISCIPLINE OF THE SACRAMENTS, Circular letter Orientamenti e proposte per la celebrazione dell’Anno mariano, 54.
(90) Cf. PAUL VI, Apostolic Exhortation Marialis Cultus 31, 48.
(91) THE ITALIAN EPISCOPAL CONFERENCE, EPISCOPAL COMMISSION FOR THE LITURGY, pastoral note Il rinnovamento liturgico in Italia (23.9.1983) 18, in Enchiridion CEI, 3, Edizioni Dehoniane, Bologna 1986, p. 886.
(92) Cf. Apostolic Exhortation Marialis cultus, 31; III CONFERENCIA GENERAL DEL EPISCOPADO LATINO-AMERICANO, Documento de Puebla, 915.
(93) Cf. SACRED CONGREGATION FOR BISHOPS, Directorium de pastorali ministerio Episcoporum, cit., 91; PAUL VI, Apostolic Exhortation Marialis cultus, 24-38.
(94) Cf. SECOND VATICAN COUNCIL, Constitution Dei Verbum, 2.
(95) DS 150; MISSALE ROMANUM, Ordo Missae, Symbolum Nicaeno-Constantinopolitanum.
(96) Ibid.
(97) St. Cyprian, De oratione dominica, 23:CSEL 3/1, Vindobonae 1868, p. 285.
(98) Cf. SC 5-7.
(99) Cf. SC 13; LG 67.
(100) Cf. SECOND VATICAN COUNCIL, Constitution Dei Verbum, 25.
(101) Ibid.
(102) On this question see J. Ratzinger, Commento teologico, in CONGREGAZIONE PER LA DOTTRINA DELLA FEDE, Il messaggio di Fatima, Libreria Editrice Vaticana, Città del Vaticano 2000, pp. 32-44.
(103) Ibid., p.35.
(104) Cf. PONTIFICAL COUNCIL FOR CULTURE, Per una Pastorale della Cultura, Libreria Editrice Vaticana 1999, 28:Popular piety remains one of the principal expressions of a true inculturation of the faith because in it faith and liturgy harmonize, as well as sentiment and the arts, while affirming a consciousness of a proper identity through local traditions. Thus, “America, which historically has been, and still is, a melting-pot of peoples, has recognized in the mestiza face of the Virgin of Tepeyac, “in Blessed Mary of Guadalupe, an impressive example of a perfectly inculturated evangelization”......(Ecclesia in America, n. 11) Popular piety allows a people to express its faith, its relationship with God and Providence, with Our Lady and the Saints, with neighbours, with the dead., with creation and strengthens membership of the Church.”
(105) Cf. CONGREGATION FOR DIVINE WORSHIP AND THE DISCIPLINE OF THE SACRAMENTS, IV Instruction for the correct application of the conciliar Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy (nn. 37-40) Varietates legitimate, 45.
(106) Cf. SC 7, 13.
(107) Cf. supra nn. 61-64.
(108) Cf. supra n. 74.
(109) SC 102.
(110) PAUL VI, Apostolic Letter Mysterii paschalis, in AAS 61 (1969) 222.
(111) SC 106; CALENDARIUM ROMANUM ex decreto Sacrosancti Oecumenici Concilii Vaticani II instauratum auctoritate Pauli PP. VI promulgatum, Typis Polyglotis Vaticanis 1969, Normae universales, 4.
(112) Cf. ibid., 58.
(113) JOHN PAUL II, Apostolic Letter, Dies Domini (31.5.1998), 80.
(114) Cf. SECOND VATICAN COUNCIL, Constitution Gaudium et Spes, 34, 35, 67.
(115) Cf. PAUL VI, Apostolic Exhortation Marialis Cultus, 4.
(116) Ibid.
(117) JOHN PAUL II, Discourse at the Angelus of 24 January 1999, Mexico City.
(118) DS 150; MISSALE ROMANUM, Ordo Missae Symbolum Nicaeno-Constantinopolitanum.
(119) Cf. Institutio generalis de Liturgia Horarum, 215.
(120) Cf. Actus consecrationis familiarum, in EI, Aliae concessiones, 1, p. 50.
(121) Cf RITUALE ROMANUM, De benedictionibus, Ordo benedictionis filiorum, Editio Typica, Typis Polyglotis Vaticanis 1985, 174-194.
(122) Cf. ibid., Ordo benedictionis desponsatorum, 195-204.
(123) Erected by Leo XIII through the Apostolic Letter Neminem fugit (14 June 1892) in Leonis XIII Pontificis Maximi Acta, XII, Typographia Vaticana, Romae 1893, pp. 149-158: confirmed by John Paul II with the decree of the Pontifical Council for the Laity (25 November 1987).
(124) Cf. EI, Piae invocationes, p. 83.
(125) PRUDENTIUS, Cathemerinon XII, 130: CCL 126, Turnholti 1966, p. 69; LITURGIA HORARUM: die 28 Decembris, Ss. Innocentium, martyrum, Ad Laudes, Hymnus “Audit tyrannus anxius”.
(126) Cf. EI, Aliae concessiones, 26, p. 71.
(127) MISSALE ROMANUM, die 1 Ianuarii, In octava Navitatis Domini, Sollemnitas Sanctae Dei Genetricis Mariae, Collecta.
(128) Cf. ibid., In Vigilia paschali, Praeparatio cerei.
(129) cf. EI, Aliae concessiones,26, p. 70.
(130) Among the Byzantines, this feast is centred on the Hypapante, or the Lord’s encounter with those whom he has come to save, who are represented by Simeon and Anna, reflecting the canticle Nunc dimittis (Lk 2, 29-3), which is frequently repeated in the hymns used on this feast: “The Light to enlighten the gentiles and give glory to your people, Israel”.
(131) RITUALE ROMANUM, De Benedictionibus, Ordo benedictionis mulieris ante partum,cit., 219-231.
(132) Ibid., Ordo benedictionis mulieris post partum, 236-253.
(133) PAUL VI, Apostolic Exhortation, Marialis cultus, 7.
(134) MISSALE ROMANUM, Feria IV Cinerum, Collecta.
(135) Cf. CIC, canons 989 and 920.
(136) Cf. RITUALE ROMANUM, Ordo unctionis infirmorum eorumque pastoralis curae, Editio Typica, Typis Polyglotis Vaticanis 1972, nn. 224-229.
(137) Cf. EI, Aliae concessiones, 13, pp. 59-60.
(138) Such is true of the “Via Crucis” in the Libro del Pellegrino prepared by the Central Committee for the celebration of the Holy Year of 1975.
(139) Such as the texts used by Pope John Paul II for the “Via Crucis” at the Colosseum in 1991, 1992, and 1994.
(140) Cf. LEO XIII, Apostolic Letter Deipare Perdolentis, in Leonis XIII Pontificis Maximi Acta, III, Typographia Vaticana 1884, pp. 220-222.
(141) CONGREGATION FOR DIVINE WORSHIP, Lettera circolare sulla preparazione e celebrazione delle feste pasquali (16.1.1988), 27.
(142) Ibid., 28.
(143) St. AUGUSTINE, Epistula, 55, 24: CSEL 34/2, Vindobonae 1895, p. 195. Cf. SACRED CONGREGATION FOR RITES, general decree Maxima redemptionis nostrae mysteria, in AAS 47 (1955) 338.
(144) CONGREGATION FOR DIVINE WORSHIP, Lettera circolare sulla preparazione e celebrazione delle feste pasquali,38.
(145) The procession and reposition of the Blessed Sacrament are not done in those churches in which the Lord’s Passion are not celebrated on Good Friday: cf. CONGREGATION FOR DIVINE WORSHIP, Lettera circolare sulla preparazione e celebrazione delle feste pasquali, 54.
(146) Cf. CONGREGATION FOR DIVINE WORSHIP, Lettera circolare sulla preparazione e celebrazione delle feste pasquali,55; SACRED CONGREGATION OF RITES, Instruction on Eucharistic cult Eucharisticum mysterium, 49, in AAS 59 (1967) 566-567.
(147) Cf. CONGREGATION FOR DIVINE WORSHIP, Lettera circolare sulla preparazione e celebrazione delle feste pasquali, 55.
(148) Cf. ibid., 56.
(149) Cf. SC 5; St. AUGUSTINE, Ennaratio in Paslmum 138, 2: CCL 40, Turnholti 1956, p. 1991.
(150) CONGREGATION FOR DIVINE WORSHIP, Lettera circolare sulla preparazione e celebrazione delle feste pasquali,72.
(151) Ibid., 73.
(152) RUPERTUS DI DEUTZ, De glorificatione Trinitatis, VIII, 13: PL 169, 155D.
(153) Cf. LITURGIA HORARUM, Commune beatae mariae Virginis, II Vesperae, Preces; Collectio missarum de beata maria Virgine, I, Formula 15. Beata Maria Virgo in ressurectione Domini, Praefatio.
(154) Cf. supra n. 143.
(155) Cf. RITUALE ROMANUM, De Benedictionibus, Ordo benedictionis mensae, cit., 782-784, 806-807.
(156) Cf. ibid., Ordo benedictionis annuae familiarum in propris domibus, 68-89.
(157) Cf. Notificazione of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments (5.5.2000).
(158) John Paul II, Encyclical letter Dives in Misericordia 8.
(159) Cf. PONTIFICAL COUNCIL FOR THE PROMOTION OF CHRISTIAN UNITY, Directoire pour l’application des Principes et des Normes sur l’Oecuménisme (5.3.1993), 110: AAS 85 (1993) 1084.
(160) Cf. CONGREGATION FOR DIVINE WORSHIP Lettera circolare sulla preparazione e celebrazione delle feste pasquali, 107; the forms, biblical texts and prayers for the vigil of Pentecost - already published in some editions of the Missale Romanum - are to be found in Notitiae 24 (1988) 156-159.
(161) JOHN PAUL II, Homily given at the Celebration of the Word in La Serena (Chile), 2, in Insegnamenti di Giovanni Paolo II, X/1 (1987), cit., p. 1078.
(162) Cf. EI, Aliae concessiones 26, pp. 70-71.
(163) Cf. Gal 5, 16.22; SECOND VATICAN COUNCIL, Ad gentes 4; Gaudium et spes, 26.
(164) JOHN PAUL II, Encyclical letter, Redemptoris missio 78: in AAS 83 (1991) 325.
(165) CCC 234.
(166) Ibid., 233.
(167) ibid., 234.
(168) cf. nn. 76-80.
(169) RITUALE ROMANUM, De sacra communione et de cultu mysterii eucharistici extra Missam, Editio Typica, Typis Polyglotis Vaticanis 1973, 80.
(170) Ibid., 101; cf. CIC, can. 944.
(171) Cf. RITUALE ROMANUM, De sacra communione et de cultu mysterii eucharistici extra Missam, cit., 101-108.
(172) Cf. ibid., 101-102.
(173) Ibid., 104.
(174) Ibid., 81.
(175) Cf. PIUS XII, Encyclical letter Mediator Dei in AAS 39 (1947) 568-572; PAUL VI, Encyclical letter Mysterium fidei in AAS 57 (1965) 769-772; SACRED CONGREGATION OF RITES, Instruction Eucharisticum mysterium, nn. 49-50, in AAS 59 (1967) 566-567; RITUALE ROMANUM, De sacra communione et de cultu mycteria eucharistici extra Missam, cit., 5.
(176) SACRED CONGREGATION OF RITES, Instruction Eucharisticum mysterium, nn. 49-50.
(177) On the matter of indulgences attached to Eucharistic adoration and processions, cf. EI, Aliae concessiones, 7, pp. 54-55.
(178) Cf. RITUALE ROMANUM, De sacra communione et de cultu mycteria eucharistici extra Missam, cit., 82-90; CIC, canon 941.
(179) Cf. CIC, canon 942.
(180) Cf. Reply ad dubium on n. 62 of the Instruction Eucharisticum mysterium, in Notitiae 34 (1998) 133-134; concerning the Rosary, see the following note.
(181) Cf. PAUL VI, Apostolic Exhortation Marialis cultus, 46; Letter of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline pf the Sacraments (15.1.1997), in Notitiae 34 (1998) 506-510; see also the rescript of the Apostolic Penitentiary of 8 March 1996, in Notitiae 34 (1998) 511.
(182) Cf. LEO XIII, Encyclical Letter Annum sacrum (25.1889) on the consecration of mankind to the Sacred Heart, in Leonis XIII Pontificis Maximi Acta ,XIX, Typographia Vaticana, Romae 1900, pp. 71-80; PIUS XII, Encyclical Letter Haurietis aquas, in AAS 48 (1956) 311-329; PAUL VI, Apostolic Letter Investigabiles divitias Christi (6.2.1965), in AAS 57 (1965) 298-301; JOHN PAUL II, Message on the centenary of the consecration of mankind to the Sacred Heart of Jesus (11.6.1999), in L’Osservatore Romano, 12 June 1999.
(183) SC 5; cf. St. AUGUSTINE, Ennaratio in Psalmum 138, 2: CCL 40, cit.,m p. 1991.
(184) St. AUGUSTINE, Sermo 311, 3: PL 38, 1415.
(185) PIUS XI, Encyclical Letter Miserentissimus redemptorin AAS 20 (1928) 167.
(186) Cf. EI, Aliae concessiones 1, p. 50.
(187) Cf. EI, Aliae concessiones, 3, pp. 51-53.
(188) SC 106.
(189) Among the the various consecrations to the Immaculate Heart of Mary, one of the most important is that of Pius XII’s consecration of the world to the Immaculate Heart of Mary on 31 October 1942 (cf. AAS 34 [1942] 318), which was renewed by John Paul II, in communion with the bishops of the Church, on 25 March 1984 (cf. Insegnamenti di Giovanni Paolo II VII/1 [1984], Libreria Editrice Vaticana, Città del Vaticano 1984, pp. 774-779).
(190) Cf. supra n. 171.
(191) cf. SC 5.
(192) LITURGICAL HORARUM, Tempus Navitatis I, Ad vesperas, Hymnus “Christe, Redemptor omnium”.
(193) MISSALE ROMANUM, Feria VI in Passione Domini, Adoratio sanctae crucis, Hymnus “Crux fidelis”.
(194) LITURGICAL HORARUM, Tempus pascale I, Ad Vesperas, Hymnus “Ad cenam Agni providi”. Analogously, in the alternative hymn”O Rex aeterne, Domine”: Tu crucem propter hominem suscipe dignatus es; dedisti tuum sanguinem nostrae salutis pretium.
(195) Text in AAS 52 (1960) 412-413; cf. EI, Aliae concessiones 22, p. 68.
(196) SC 103.
(197) PAUL VI, Apostolic Exhortation Marialis cultus, 6.
(198) SC 103.
(199) Cf. PAUL VI, Apostolic Exhortation Marialis cultus, 6.
(200) Cf. RITUALE ROMANUM Pauli V Pontificis Maximi iussu editum...SS.mi D.N. Pii Papae XII auctoritate auctum et ordinatum, Editio iuxta Typicam, Desclée, Romae 1952, pp. 444-449.
(201) Cf. MISSALE ROMANUM, Ordo Missae, the prayer Domine Jesu Christe, before the sign of peace.
(202) See for example: the intercessions at Vespers on Sunday and Monday of the first week, on Wednesday of the third week; and the prayers at Lauds on Wednesday of the fourth week.
(203) Cf. SECOND VATICAN COUNCIL, Decree Unitatis redintegratio, 3.
(204) Cf. Paul VI, Apostolic Exhortation Marialis cultus, 32-33.
(205) SECOND VATICAN COUNCIL, Decree Unitatis redintegratio, 8.
(206) PONTIFICAL COUNCIL FOR THE PROMOTION OF CHRISTIAN UNITY, Directoire pour l’application des Principes et des Normes sur l’Oecuménisme (25.3.1993), 110: AAS 85 (1993) 1084.
(207) Cf. EI, Aliae concessiones, 11, p. 58.
(208) CONGREGATION FOR DIVINE WORSHIP, Circular Letter Guidelines and proposals for the celebration of the Marian Year (3.4.1987), 67.
(209) Cf. LG 67; Decree Presbyterorum Ordinis, 18; Decree Optatam totius, 8; Decree Apostolicam actuositatem, 4; CIC, canons 76, ‘ 2, 5; 663, ‘‘ 2-4; 246 ‘ 3.
(210) Cf. CCC 971. 2673-2679.
(211) Cf. supra nn. 47-59, 70-75.
(212) Cf. PAUL VI, Apostolic Exhortation Marialis cultus, 1; CONGREGATION FOR DIVINE WORSHIP, Circular Letter Guidelines an proposals for the celebration of the Marian Year 7; Collectio missarum de beata Maria Virgine, Praenotanda, 9-18.
(213) Cf. PAUL VI, Apostolic Exhortation Marialis cultus,24.
(214) Ibid, Intro..
(215) Cf. ibid., 25-39; CONGREGATION FOR DIVINE WORSHIP, Circular letter Guidelines and proposals for the celebration of the Marian Year, 8.
(216) Cf. Ibid.,8.
(217) Cf. n. 232.
(218) The Missale Romanum contains diverse formularies for the celebration of Mass in honour of the Blessed Virgin Mary on Saturday mornings during “ordinary time”, the use of which is optional. See also the Collectio missarum de beata Maria Virgine, Praenotanda 34-36; and the Liturgia Horarum for Saturdays of “ordinary time” which permits the Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary on Saturdays.
(219) Cf. ALCUIN, Le sacramentaire grégorien, II, ed. J. DESHUSSES, Editions Universitaires, Fribourg 1988, pp. 25-27 and 45; PL 101, 455-456.
(220) Cf. UMBERTO DE ROMANIS, De vita regulari,II, Cap. XXIV, Quare sabbatum attribuitur Beatae Virgini, Typis A. BEFANI, Romae 1889, pp. 72-75.
(221) CONGREGATION FOR DIVINE WORSHIP, Circular letter Guidelines and proposals for the celebration of the Marian Year, 5.
(222) An example of which is to be found in Felicitacion sabatina a Maria Inmaculada compose by Fr. Manuel Garcia Navarro, who subsequently entered the Carthusians (+1903).
(223) In the Byzantine rite, the liturgy for the month of August is centred on the solemnity of the Dormition of Our Lady (15 August). Until the twelfth century, it was observed as a “Marian month”; in the Coptic rite the “Marian mont” is that of kiahk, corresponding approximately to January-February, and is structured in relation to Christmas. In the West the first indications of a Marian month date from the sixteenth century. By the eighteenth century, the Marian month - in its modern sense - is well attested but during this period the pastors of souls concentrate their apostolic efforts - including Penance and the Eucharist - not so much on the Liturgy but on pious exercises, which were much favoured by the faithful.
(224) Cf. CONGREGATION FOR DIVINE WORSHIP, Circular Letter, Guidelines and proposals for the celebration of the Marian Year, 64-65.
(225) For comments on the Blessed Virgin Mary and the Sacraments of Christian initiation cf. ibid. 25-31.
(226) SC 108.
(227) Cf. SC 35, 4.
(228) Cf. PAUL VI, Apostolic Exhortation Marialis Cultus, 30.
(229) Cf. ibid., 17; Collectio missarum de beata Virginis Mariae, Praenotanda ad lectionarium, 10.
(230) CONGREGATION FOR DIVINE WORSHIP, Circular Letter Guidelines and proposals for the celebration of the Marian Year, 10.
(231) Cf. PAUL VI, Apostolic Exhortation Marialis cultus, 41.
(232) CONGREGATION FOR DIVINE WORSHIP, Circular Letter, Guidelines and proposals for the celebration of the Marian year, 61.
(233) The antiphon is found in the twelfth century Antiphonary of the Abbey of San Lupo in Benevento. Cf. R. J. HESBERT (ed.) Corpus Antiphonalium Officii, vol. II, Herder, Roma 1965, pp. XX-XXIV; vol. III, Herder, Roma 1968, p. 440.
(234) Regarding indulgences cf. EI, Aliae concessiones, 17, p. 62. For a commentary on the Ave maria cf. CCC 2676-2677.
(235) CONGREGATION FOR DIVINE WORSHIP, Circular Letter Guidelines and proposals for the celebration of the Marian Year, 62.
(236) PAUL VI, Apostolic Exhortation Marialis Cultus, 62.
(237) Cf. CIC, canons 246, ‘ 3; 276, ‘ 2,5; 663, ‘ 4; CONGREGATION FOR THE CLERGY, Directory for the Ministry and Life of Priests, Libreria Editrice Vaticana, Città del Vaticano 1994, 39.
(238) Cf. RITUALE ROMANUM, de Benedictionibus, Ordo benedictionis coronarum Roasrii, cit., 1183-1207.
(239) Ibid..
(240) Cf. ibid.,1183-1184.
(241) CONGREGATION FOR DIVINE WORSHIP, Circular Letter Guidelines and proposals for the celebration of the Marian Year, 62, a.
(242) Ibid., 62, b.
(243) Cf. SC 90.
(244) CONGREGATION FOR DIVINE WORSHIP, Circular Letter, Guidelines and proposals for the celebration of the Marian Year, 62, c.
(245) PAUL VI, Apostolic Exhortation Marialis cultus, 55.
(246) The Litany of Loreto was first included in the Rituale Romanum in 1874, as an appendix. Regarding indulgences connected with it cf. EI, Aliae concessiones, 22, p. 68.
(247) Cf. Ordo coronandi imaginem beatae Mariae Virginis, Editio Typica, Typis Polyglotis Vaticanis 1981, n. 41, pp. 27-29.
(248) Cf. CONGREGATION FOR DIVINE WORSHIP, Circular Letter Guidelines and proposals for the celebration of the Marian Year, 63, c.
(249) Litanies multiplied in the sixteenth century. Often, they were in poor taste and the results of an informed piety. In 1601, Clement VIII had the Holy Office issue Quoniam multi which was intended to curb the excessive and uncontrolled production of litanies. According to the terms of this decree, only the more ancient litanies contained in the Breviary, Missal, Pontifical and Ritual, as well as the Litany of Loreto were approved for the use of the faithful (cf. Magnum Bullarium Romanum, III, Lugduni 1656, p. 1609).
(250) CONGREGATION FOR DIVINE WORSHIP, Circular Letter Guidelines and proposals for the celebration of the Marian Year, 63, d.
(251) See the Atto di affidamento alla Beata Vergine Maria pronounced by John Paul II on Sunday, 8 October 2000, together with the Bishops gathered in Rome for he celebration of the Great Jubilee.
(252) JOHN PAUL II, Encyclical Letter, Redemptoris Mater, 48.
(253) Cf. LG 61; JOHN PAUL II, Encyclical Letter, Redemptoris Mater, 40-44.
(254) CONGREGATION FOR DIVINE WORSHIP, Circular letter Guidelines and proposals for the celebration of the Marian Year, 86.
(255) LG 67; cf. PAUL VI Letter to Cardinal Silva Henriquez, Papal Legate to the Marian Congress in Santo Domingo, in AAS 57 (1965) 376-379.
(256) CONGREGATION FOR DIVINE WORSHIP, Circular Letter Guidelines and proposals for the celebration of the Marian Year,88.
(257) RITUALE ROMANUM, De Benedictionibus, Ordo benedictionis et impositionis scapularis, cit., 1213.
(258) RITUALE ROMANUM, De benedicionibus, Ordo benedictionis rerum quae ad pietatem et devotionem exercendam destinatur, cit., 1168.
(259) Ibid..
(260) Cf. LG 67; PAUL VI, Apostolic Exhortation Marialis cultus, 38;CCC 2111.
(261) In addition to the Akathistos other prayers deriving from the Oriental traditions have received grants of indulgences: cf. EI Aliae concessiones, 23, pp. 68-69.
(262) The singing of the Akathistos at Santa Maria Maggiore on 7 June 1981 marked the anniversaries of the Councils of Constantinople (381) and Ephesus (431); the hymn was also sung to commemorate the 450th anniversary of the apparitions of Guadalupe in Mexico, 10-12 December 1981. On 25 March 1988, John Paul II presided at Matins in Santa Maria Supra Minerva during which the hymn was sung in the Slavonic Rite. It is again explicitly mentioned among the indulgenced devotions for the Jubilee Year in the Bull Incarnationis Mysterium. It was sung at Santa Maria Maggiore on 8 December 2000 in Greek, Old Slavonic, Hungarian, Roumanian and Arabic at a solemn celebration with the representatives of the Byzantine Catholic Churches at which John Paul II presided.
(263) While its author is unknown, modern scholarship tends to place its composition some time after the Council of Chalcedon. A Latin version was written down around 800 by Christopher, Bishop of Venice, which had enormous influence on the piety of the Western middles age. It is associated with Germanus of Constantinople who died in 733.
(264) JOHN PAUL II, Circular Letter Redemptoris Mater, 34.
(265) Cf. St. EUSEBIUS OF CAESAREA, Historia ecclesiastica, V, XV, 42-47: SCh 31, Paris 1952, pp. 189-190.
(266) SC 104.
(267) DS 150; MISSALE ROMANUM, Ordo Missae, Symbolum Nicaeno-Constantinopolitanum.
(268) JOHN PAUL II, Apostolic Constitution, Divinitus pefctionis magister, in AAS 75 (1983) 349.
(269) Cf. LG 4.
(270) Ibid.,48.
(271) Ibid., 48.
(272) Symbolum Apostolicum, in DS 19.
(273) CCC 1472.
(274) LG 49.
(275) Cf. Ibid.
(276) COUNCIL OF FLORENCE, Decretum pro Graecis, in DS 1305.
(277) Cf. MISSALE ROMANUM, Die 1 Novembris Omnium Sanctorum Sollemnitas, Paefatio.
(278) Ibid., Praefatio I de Sanctis.
(279) LG 51.
(280) CCC 328.
(281) Ibid., 336.
(282) The same is true, for example in the solemnity of Easter and in the solemnities of the Annunciation (25 march), Christmas (25 December), Ascension, the Immaculate Conception (8 December), St. Joseph (19 March), Sts. Peter and Paul (29 June), Assumption (15 August) and All Saints (1 November).
(283) MISSALE ROMANUM, Praefatio de Angelis.
(284) Cf. ibid., Prex eucharistica, Sanctus.
(285) Ibid., Prex eucharistica I, Supplices te rogamus.
(286) Cf. St. BENEDICT, Regula, 19, 5: CSEL 75, Vindobonae 1960, p. 75.
(287) Cf. RITUALE ROMANUM, Ordo Paenitentiae, Editio Typica, Typis Polyglotis Vatacanis 1974, 54.
(288) Cf. LITURGIA HORARUM, Die 2 Octobris, Ss Angelorum Custodum memoria, Ad Vesperas, Hymnus, “Custodes hominum psallimus angelos”.
(289) Cf. ibid., Ad Completorium post II Vesperas Dominicae et Sollemnitatum, Oratio “Visita quaesumus”.
(290) Cf. RITUALE ROMANUM, Ordo unctionis informorum eorumque patoralis curae, cit., 147.
(291) Cf. RITUALE ROMANUM, Ordo exsequiarum , Editio Typica, Typis Polyglottis Vaticanis 1969, 50.
(292) St. BASIL OF CAESAREA, Adversus Eunomium III, 1: PG 29, 656.
(293) St. BERNARD OF CLAIRVAUX, Sermo XII in Psalmum “Qui habitat”, 3: Sancti Bernardi Opera, IV, Editiones Cistercienses, Romae 1966, p. 459.
(294) Cf. EI, Normae et concessiones, 18, p. 65.
(295) MISSALE ROMANUM, Die 19 Martii, Sollemnitas S. Iosephi sposi beatae Mariae Virginis, Collecta.
(296) SACRED CONGREGATION FOR RITES, Decree Quemadmodum Deus, in Pii IX Pontificis Maximi Acta, Pars Prima, vol. 5, Akademische Druck - u. Verlagsanstalt, Graz 1971, p. 282; cf. JOHN PAUL II, Apostolic Exhortation Redemptoris custos, 1, in AAS 82 (1990) 6.
(297) The declaration of St. Joseph as patron of the universal Church took place on 8 December 1870 with the Decree Quemadmodum Deus to which reference has already been made.
(298) LEO XIII, Encyclical Letter Quamquam pluries (15 August 1889) in Leonis XIII Pontificis Maximi Acta, IX, Typographia Vaticana, Romae 1890, p. 180.
(299) Cf. Pius XII, Allocutio ad adscriptos Societatibus Christianis Operariorum Italicorum (A:C:L:I:) (1 May 1955), in AAS 47 (1955) 402-407, declaring the institution of the feast of St. Joseph the Worker for the 1 May (cf. SACRED CONGREGATION FOR RITES, Decree [24 April 1956] in AAS 48 [1956] 237); JOHN PAUL II Apostolic Exhortation Redemptoris Custos, 22-24, in AAS 82 (1990) 26-28.
(300) Cf. St. BERNARDINE OF SIENA, De Sancto Joseph sponso beatae Virginis , art. II, cap. III, in S. Bernardini Opera omnia, t. VII, Typis Collegii Sancti Bonaventurae, Ad Claras Aquas 1959, p. 28.
(301) Especially on days when the central theme of the liturgy is the genealogy of Our Lord (Mt 1, 1-17): 17 December) or the angel’s message to St. Joseph (Mt 1, 18-4: 18 December); IV Sunday in Advent A): both pericopes underline that Jesus is the Messiah, “the Son of David” (Mt 1, 1) through Joseph who was of the house of David (cf. Mt 1, 20; Lk 1, 27.32).
(302) cf. CALENDARIUM ROMANUM, Litanae Sanctorum, cit., 1969, pp 33-39.
(303) Cf. RITUALE ROMANUM, Ordo unctionis infirmorum eorumque pastoralis curae,cit., 143.
(304) Ibid., 146.
(305) Cf. EI, Piae invocationes, p. 83.
(306) Cf. EI, Aliae concessiones, 19, p. 66.
(307) cf. EI, Aliae concessiones, 22, p. 68.
(308) JOHN PAUL II, Apostolic Exhortation Redemptoris Custos, 1, in AAS 82 (1990) 31.
(309) Cf. RITUALE ROMANUM Pauli V Pontificis Maximi iussu editum....Pii XII auctoritate ordinatum et auctum. Tit. IX, cap. III, 13: Benedictio rogi in Vigilia Navitatis S. Ioannis Baptistae.
(310) The tradition of the “dies natalis” or date of death of the martyrs. This usage dates at least from the fifth century. Cf. St. AUGUSTINE, Sermo 310, 1: PL 38, 1412-1413.
(311) MARTYROLOGIUM ROMANUM ex decreto Sacrosancti Oecumenici Concilii Vaticani Secundi instauratum auctoritate Ioannis Pauli PP. II promulgatum, Editio Typica, Typiis Vaticanis 2001.
(312) The Calendarium Romanum was published by Paul VI on 14 February 1969, with the Apostolic Letter Mysterii paschalis, in AAS 61 (1969) 222-226.
(313) SC 111.
(314) Ibid..
(315) PAUL VI, Apostolic Letter Mysterii paschalis, 1, in AAS 61 (1969) 222.
(316) SC 111.
(317) Cf. CALENDARIUM ROMANUM, cit., Normae universales, 58-59; S.CONGREGATION FOR DIVINE WORSHIP, Instruction De Calendariis particularibus,8-12, in AAS 62 (1970) 653-654).
(318) LITURGIA HORARUM, Commune Sanctorum virorum, Ad Invitatorium.
(319) MISSALE ROMANUM, Prex eucharistica I, Supra quae propitio.
(320) Ibid., Communicantes. Provision is made for a memorial of the Saint or patron of the day in Prex eucharistica III.
(321) Cf. Ordo Romanus in A. ANDRIEU (ed.), Les “Ordines Romani” du Haut Moyen-Age, III, Spicilegium Sacrum Lovaniense, Lovain 1951, p. 249. For indulgences cf. EI, Aliae concessiones, 22, p. 68.
(322) Cf. CONGREGATION FOR DIVINE WORSHIP AND THE DISCIPLINE OF THE SACRAMENTS, Notificatio de cultu Beatorum,13, in Notitiae 35 (1999) 446.
(323) SC 111; cf THE COUNCIL OF TRENT, Decretum de invocatione, veneratione et reliquiis Sanctorum, et sacris imaginibus (3 December 1563), in DS 1822.
(324) Cf. ibid..
(325) Institutio generalis Missalis Romani, 302.
(326) Cf. PONTIFICALE ROMANUM, Ordo dedicationis ecclesiae et altaris, Editio Typica, Typis Polyglotis Vaticanis 1977, cap. IV, Praenotanda, 5.
(327) Cf. ibid.,cap. II, Praenotanda, 5.
(328) Ibid.
(329) Cf. CIC, can. 1190.
(330) Cf. St. AMBROSE, Epistula LXXVII (MAUR. 22), 13: CSEL 82/3, Vindobonae 1982, pp. 134-135; PONTIFICALE ROMANUM, Ordo dedicationis ecclesiae et altaris, cit., cap. IV, Praenotanda, 10.
(331) SECOND COUNCIL OF NICEA, Definitio de sacris imaginibus (23 October 787), in DS 600.
(332) CCC 1161.
(333) Cf. COUNCIL OF NICEA II, Definitio de sacris imaginibus (23 October 787) in DS 600-603; COUNCIL OF TRENT Decretum de invocatione, veneratione, et reliquiis Sanctorum et sacris imaginibus (3 December 1562), in DS 1821-1825; SC 111.
(334) Cf. CCC nn. 1159-1162.
(335) COUNCIL OF NICEA II, Definitio de sacris imaginibus, in Conciliorum Oecumeniorum Decreta, cit., p. 135 (not contained in DS).
(336) CCC 1161.
(337) Ibid.
(338) COUNCIL OF NICEA II, Definitio de sacris imaginibus, in DS 601.
(339) COUNCIL OF TRENT, Decretum de sacris invocatione, veneratione et reliquiis Sanctorum, et sacris imaginibus, in DS 1824.
(340) Ibid., 1823.
(341) RITUALE ROMANUM, De Benedictionibus, Ordo as benedicendas imagines quae fidelium venerationi publicae exhibentur, cit., 985.
(342) Cf. RITUALE ROMANUM, De Benedictionibus, Ordo benedictionis imaginis Sanctorum, cit., 1018-1031.
(343) Ibid., 1027.
(344) Cf. CIC, can. 1188; Institutio generalis Missalis Romani, 318.
(345) Cf. PONTIFICALE ROMANUM, Ordo dedicationis ecclesiae et altaris, cit., cap. IV, Praenotanda, 10.
(346) Cf. RITUALE ROMANUM, De sacra communione et de cultu Mysterii eucharistici extra Missam, cit., 101; CIC, can. 944; supra note 162.
(347) Institutio generalis de Liturgia Horarum,213.
(348) SECOND VATICAN COUNCIL, Constitution Gaudium et spes 18.
(349) DS 150: MISSALE ROMANUM, Ordo Missae, Symbolum Nicaeno-Constantinopolitanum.
(350) CCC 989.
(351) St. AMBROSE, De excessu fratris, I, 70: CSEL 73, Vindobonae 1955, p. 245.
(352) CCC 1007.
(353) Ibid.,1013.
(354) Ibid., 1008; cf. COUNCIL OF TRENT, Decretum de peccato originali (17 Iunii 1546), in DS 1511.
(355) CCC 1009.
(356) MISSALE ROMANUM, Praefatio defunctorum,I.
(357) Cf. ibid.,Prex eucharistica IV, Commemoratio pro defunctis.
(358) CCC 1031; cf. DS 1304; 1820; 1580.
(359) LG 50.
(360) SECOND COUNCIL OF LYONS, Professio fidei Michaelis Paleologi (6 Iulii 1274), in DS 856: St. CYPRIAN, Epistula I, 2: CSEL 3/2, Vindobonae 1871, pp. 466-467; St. AUGUSTINE, Confessiones, IX, 12, 32: CSEL 33/1, Vindobonae 1896, pp. 221-222.
(361) Cf. St. AUGUSTINE, De curis pro mortuis gerenda,6: CSEL 41, Vindobonae 1900, pp. 629-631; St. JOHN CHRISTOSOM, Homilia in primam ad Corinthios, 41, 5: PG 61, 494-495; CCC1032.
(362) Cf. EI, Normae de Indulgentiis, 3, p. 21; Aliae concessiones, 29, pp. 74-75.
(363) Cf. RITUALE ROMANUM, Ordo exsequiarum, cit., Praenotanda, 4.
(364) This vigil, which is still called a “wake” in English speaking countries, is an act of faith in the resurrection, even though it may have lost all theological and historical significance, and an imitation of the women in the Gospel who came to anoint the body of Christ, and became the first witnesses of the resurrection.
(365) RITUALE ROMANUM, Ordo exsequiarum, cit.,Praenotanda, 11.
(366) Ibid., 41.
(367) CCC 1689.
(368) RITUALE ROMANUM, Ordo exsequiarum, cit., Praenotanda, 10.
(369) Ibid., 15; SUPREME CONGREGATION OF THE HOLY OFFICE, Instruction, De cadaverum crematione, 2-3, in AAS 56 (1964) 822-823; CIC, can. 1184, 5, § 1, 2·.
(370) MISSALE ROMANUM, Prex eucharistica I, Commemoratio pro defunctis.
(371) Regarding Masses for the dead cf. Institutio generalis Missalis Romani, 355.
(372) LG 49.
(373) CCC 958.
(374) DS 150; MISSALE ROMANUM, Ordo Missae, Symbolum Nicaeno-Constantinopolitanum.
(375) CIC, can 1234, ‘ 1.
(376) Cf. PONTIFICAL COUNCIL FOR THE PASTORAL CARE OF MIGRANTS AND ITINERANTS, The Shrine. memory, presence and prophecy of the living God. (8.5.1999), Libreria Editrice Vaticana, Città del Vaticano 1999.
(377) JOHN PAUL II, Allocution to the rectors of French Shrines in Insegnamenti di Giovanni Paolo II, IV/I (1981), Libreria Editrice Vaticana, Città del Vaticano 1981, p. 138.
(378) CIC, can 1230. For the concession of indulgences see EI, Aliae concessiones, 33, ‘ 1, 4E, p. 77.
(379) Cf. JOHN PAUL II, Encyclical Letter Redemptoris Mater, 28.
(380) CONGREGATION FOR DIVINE WORSHIP, Circular Letter Orientations and Proposals for the Celebration of the Marian Year, 75.
(381) RITUALE ROMANUM, Ordo Paenitentiae, cit., 6 a.
(382) Cf. Ibid, Appendix II, Specimina celebrationum panitentialium, 1-73.
(383) Ibid., Praenotanda, 22.
(384) Cf. CIC, can. 961, ‘ 2.
(385) Collectio missarum de Beata Maria Virgine, Praenotanda, 30.
(386) SC 47.
(387) Cf. Institutio generalis Missalis Romani, 41.
(388) Cf. n. 83.
(389) Cf. CIC, can. 1004.
(390) RITUALE ROMANUM, Ordo unctionis infirmorum eorumque pastoralis curae, cit., 90.
(391) Cf. CIC, can. 1115.
(392) Cf. Institutio Generalis de Liturgia Horarum, 27.
(393) Cf. ibid., 245.
(394) Cf. RITUALE ROMANUM, De Benedictionibus, cit., Praenotanda, 1-34.
(395) Cf. ibid., 22-24.
(396) Cf. ibid., 24 a.
(397) Cf. ibid., 30.
(398) Cf. ibid., 15.
(399) CENTRAL COMMITTEE FOR THE MARIAN YEAR, Marian Sanctuaries, 4 (Circular Letter 7. 10. 1987).
(400) Ibid.
(401) CONGREGATION FOR DIVINE WORSHIP, Circular Letter, Orientations and proposals for the Celebration of the Marian Year, 76.
(402) Cf. PONTIFICAL COUNCIL FRO THE PROMOTION OF CHRISTIAN UNITY, Directoire pour l’application des Principes et des Normes sur L’Oecuménisme (25.3.1993): AAS 85 (1993) 1039-1119.
(403) N.8.
(404) N. 25, in AAS 85 (1993) 1049.
(405) Cf. ibid., n. 27, p. 1049.
(406) cf. ibid., n. 110, p. 1084.
(407) Cf. Collectio missarum de Beata Maria Virgine, Form. 38: “Sancta Maria Mater Unitatis”; St. AUGUSTINE, Sermo 192, 2: PL 38, 1013; PAUL VI, Homily on the Feast of the Presentation of Our Lord in the Temple, (2.2.1965), in Insegnamenti di Paolo VI, III (1965), Tipografia Polyglotta Vaticana, Città del Vaticano 1966, p. 68; JOHN PAUL II, Homily at the Shrine of Jasna Gora (4.6.1979) in Insegnamenti di Giovanni Paolo II, II/1 (19799, Libreria Editrice Vaticana, Città del Vaticano 1979, p. 1418; Angelus discourse (12.6.1988) in Insegnamenti di Giovanni Paolo II, XI/2 (1988), Libreria Editrice Vaticana, Città del Vaticano 1989, p. 1997.
(408) Cf. PONTIFICAL COUNCIL FOR MIGRANTS AND ITINERANTS, Pilgrimage in the Great Jubilee of 2000 (25.4.1998), Libreria Editrice Vaticana, Città del Vaticano, 1998.
(409) According to the Code of canon Law, the frequency of pilgrimages is an integral element of the concept of shrine: “The term shrine signifies a church or other place to which the faithful make pilgrimages for a particular pious reason with the approval of the local ordinary” (can. 1230).
(410) The significance of the pilgrimage is borne out in the “canticles of ascent”, psalms 120-134, used by those going up to Jerusalem. In their Christian interpretation, these express the Church’s joy as she journeys on her earthly pilgrimage to the heavenly Jerusalem.
(411) MISSALE ROMANUM, Prex eucharistica III, Intercessiones.
(412) Cf. St. AUGUSTINE, Tractatus CXXIV In Iohannis Evangelium, 5: CCL 36, Turnholti 1954, p. 685.
(413) Cf., supra n. 267.
(414) SECOND VATICAN COUNCIL, Decree Apostolicam actuositatem, 14.
(415) Cf. RITUALE ROMANUM, De Benedictionibus, Ordo ad benedicendos peregrinos, cit., 407.
(416) Cf. ibid., 409-419.
(417) Cf. supra nn. 265-273.
(418) Cf. RITUALE ROMANUM, De benedictionibus, Ordo benedictionis peregrinorum ante vel post reditum, cit., 420-430.
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